Насос може накачати камеру.

A word-by-word breakdown is:

• Насос = pump
• може = can / is able to
• накачати = to pump up / to inflate
• камеру = inner tube / chamber in the accusative case

So the sentence literally follows the same basic order as English:

Pump can inflate inner tube.

In natural English, that becomes something like The pump can inflate the inner tube.

Because камера is the direct object of the verb, so it takes the accusative case.

• Nominative: камера
• Accusative: камеру

This is very common in Ukrainian. Feminine nouns ending in -а often change to -у / -ю in the accusative singular.

Compare:

• Камера велика. = The inner tube/chamber is big.
  Here камера is the subject.
• Насос накачає камеру. = The pump will inflate the inner tube.
  Here камеру is the object.

Because it follows може.

In Ukrainian, after могти (to be able to / can), the next verb usually stays in the infinitive:

• може накачати = can inflate
• може зробити = can do
• може піти = can go

This is similar to English can + verb:

• can inflate
• can go
• can do

So може накачати works as a unit: can inflate.

Може is the 3rd person singular form of могти (to be able to / can).

Conjugation of могти in the present tense:

• я можу = I can
• ти можеш = you can
• він / вона / воно може = he / she / it can
• ми можемо = we can
• ви можете = you can
• вони можуть = they can

Since насос is singular, we use може:

• Насос може... = The pump can...

This is about aspect, which is very important in Ukrainian.

• накачати is perfective
• качати is imperfective

Here, накачати means to pump up successfully, to inflate to a result. It focuses on the completed outcome.

So:

• Насос може накачати камеру = The pump can inflate the inner tube
  (it is capable of achieving that result)

By contrast, качати would focus more on the process of pumping, not necessarily the completed result.

A simple way to remember it:

• качати = to pump, to be pumping
• накачати = to pump up, to inflate fully

Not in this sentence.

Although камера can mean several things depending on context, here it most likely means an inner tube or air chamber, especially because of the verb накачати (to pump up / inflate).

Common meanings of камера include:

• camera
• chamber
• cell
• inner tube (for a tire)

With насос and накачати, the meaning inner tube is the most natural one.

So a learner should not automatically read камера here as camera.

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Насос може накачати камеру.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Камеру може накачати насос.
  = The inner tube can be inflated by the pump / It is the pump that can inflate the inner tube.

This sounds more contrastive or emphatic.

Even when the order changes, камеру is still the object because of the accusative ending -у.

Because Ukrainian has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a pump
• the pump

Ukrainian usually just says:

• насос

The exact meaning depends on context. So Насос може накачати камеру could mean:

• A pump can inflate a/the inner tube
• The pump can inflate the inner tube

Usually the situation tells you which one is meant.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

Na-SOS MO-zhe na-ka-CHA-ty KA-me-ru

Approximate stress:

• насос
• може
• накачати
• камеру

A rough English-style approximation:

• nah-SOSS MOH-zheh nah-kah-CHAH-ty KAH-meh-roo

A few notes:

• ж sounds like the s in measure
• ч sounds like ch in church
• у sounds like oo in boot

It mainly expresses ability or possibility:

• Насос може накачати камеру. = The pump can inflate the inner tube.

So it means the pump is capable of doing it.

Because може is present tense, it does not by itself mean that the action is definitely happening right now. It is closer to:

• can inflate
• is able to inflate

If you wanted a simple future statement, you might say:

• Насос накачає камеру. = The pump will inflate the inner tube.

Sometimes може can mean may / might, but in this sentence the most natural reading is can / is able to.

That is because:

• насос is an object, not a person making a choice
• накачати камеру describes a practical function or capability

So the sentence most naturally means:

• The pump can inflate the inner tube
• The pump is able to inflate the inner tube

A may/might reading would usually need a context that clearly suggests possibility rather than ability.