Продавець зважив кабачок і капусту.

Both words are in the accusative singular because they are the direct objects of зважив.

• кабачок is a masculine inanimate noun, and for that group the accusative singular is usually the same as the nominative singular.

  • nominative: кабачок
  • accusative: кабачок

• капуста is a feminine noun ending in -а, so in the accusative singular it changes to -у.

  • nominative: капуста
  • accusative: капусту

So the difference is caused by gender + case pattern.

Продавець is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence — the person who performed the action.

So the structure is:

• Продавець = the seller, shop assistant
• зважив = weighed
• кабачок і капусту = the zucchini and the cabbage

Зважив is:

• past tense
• masculine singular
• from the verb зважити = to weigh (perfective)

This tells you that the action is viewed as completed: the seller finished weighing the items.

The ending also agrees with the subject:

• він зважив = he weighed
• вона зважила = she weighed
• вони зважили = they weighed

So this sentence specifically describes a completed action by a male seller.

Ukrainian does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So Продавець зважив кабачок і капусту could mean:

• The seller weighed the zucchini and the cabbage
• A seller weighed a zucchini and a cabbage

Which one sounds best depends on the context. Ukrainian usually leaves that information to the situation rather than marking it with an article.

In this sentence, yes: grammatically it does.

There are two clues:

• продавець is a masculine noun
• зважив is the masculine past-tense form

So the sentence refers to a male seller.

If the seller were female, a natural version would be:

• Продавчиня зважила кабачок і капусту.

This is the neutral, straightforward word order:

• Subject + Verb + Object
• Продавець зважив кабачок і капусту.

Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical roles. So you can move things around for emphasis, but the basic sentence here is the most neutral and natural.

For example, changing the order can add emphasis:

• Кабачок і капусту продавець зважив.

That sounds more marked, as if focusing especially on what the seller weighed.

І means and.

Ukrainian often alternates between і and й for smoother pronunciation. In this sentence, і is perfectly natural:

• кабачок і капусту

After a consonant, і is common and sounds fine. In other contexts, especially between vowels, й may sound smoother.

You may also see та used with the same basic meaning:

• Продавець зважив кабачок та капусту.

That is also correct.

A natural stressed version is:

продаве́ць зва́жив кабачо́к і капу́сту

A rough English-style approximation is:

pro-da-VEHTS ZVA-zhyv ka-ba-CHOK ee ka-POOS-too

A few useful notes:

• ж sounds like the s in measure
• и is not the same as English ee; it is a shorter, more central vowel
• final -ць in продавець is a soft ts sound

• кабачок usually means zucchini or courgette
• капуста means cabbage

Depending on context, капуста can mean cabbage in general or a head of cabbage. In a shopping sentence like this, it usually just means the cabbage item being bought/weighed.

The grammar does not specify that.

It simply says that the seller weighed both:

• кабачок
• і
• капусту

In real life, you might assume they were weighed as items in a purchase, probably one after another, but the sentence itself does not make that distinction explicit.

Because і is simply joining two objects in a short list of two items:

• кабачок і капусту

Ukrainian, like English, normally does not put a comma before and when only two items are being joined.