Шостий урок короткий.

In Ukrainian, the verb to be is usually omitted in the present tense.

So:

• Шостий урок короткий = The sixth lesson is short

Literally, it is more like:

• Sixth lesson short

This is completely normal in Ukrainian.
If you want to talk about the past or future, forms of бути (to be) do appear:

• Шостий урок був короткий = The sixth lesson was short
• Шостий урок буде короткий = The sixth lesson will be short

Шостий means sixth. It is an ordinal number.

Compare:

• шість = six
• шостий = sixth

In Ukrainian, ordinal numbers behave grammatically like adjectives. That means they change form to match the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, урок is masculine singular nominative, so шостий is also masculine singular nominative.

Because both words are in the masculine singular nominative form.

• шостий describes урок
• короткий also matches урок, even though it comes after the noun and works as the predicate adjective

So the pattern is:

• шостий урок = the sixth lesson
• урок короткий = the lesson is short

Since урок is masculine singular, both adjectives take masculine singular endings:

• шостий
• короткий

Yes. Короткий is still an adjective, even though in English we would often think of it as part of is short.

In Ukrainian, after a noun, an adjective can act as a predicate adjective:

• Урок короткий = The lesson is short

It still agrees with the noun:

• masculine: урок короткий
• feminine: лекція коротка
• neuter: завдання коротке
• plural: уроки короткі

So короткий is masculine because урок is masculine.

Урок is in the nominative case.

Why?

Because it is the subject of the sentence:

• Шостий урок = the subject

And in this kind of present-tense sentence, the predicate adjective короткий is also nominative.

So this is a standard nominative-pattern sentence:

• Шостий урок короткий

Ukrainian has no articles, so there is no direct equivalent of a or the.

That means:

• урок can mean a lesson or the lesson
• шостий урок can mean the sixth lesson, depending on context

Usually the meaning is understood from the situation.

So English needs an article, but Ukrainian does not.

Yes, Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order.

The most neutral order here is:

• Шостий урок короткий

You could also say:

• Урок шостий короткий
• Короткий шостий урок

But these alternatives may sound marked, poetic, or focused differently depending on context.

For a learner, the safest and most natural version is:

• Шостий урок короткий

A useful rule: Ukrainian word order often changes for emphasis, not basic grammar.

A rough pronunciation guide:

• Шостий ≈ SHOS-tyi
• урок ≈ oo-ROK
• короткий ≈ ko-ROT-kyi

The main stresses are usually:

• шо́стий
• уро́к
• коро́ткий

A few sound notes:

• ш sounds like English sh
• у sounds like oo in boot
• и is not exactly English ee; it is a more central vowel
• й is like y in boy or yes, depending on position

Yes, structurally it works very similarly:

• шостий = sixth
• урок = lesson

So:

• шостий урок = the sixth lesson

The main difference is grammatical agreement. In Ukrainian, шостий changes form depending on the noun:

• masculine: шостий урок
• feminine: шоста сторінка = the sixth page
• neuter: шосте завдання = the sixth task
• plural: шості уроки = the sixth lessons

The adjectives would change to match the noun.

For example:

• masculine: Шостий урок короткий
• feminine: Шоста лекція коротка
• neuter: Шосте завдання коротке
• plural: Шості уроки короткі

This is one of the most important patterns in Ukrainian:
adjectives and ordinal numbers agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.