Інтернет-магазин обговорює обмін товару.

Because it is a compound noun: інтернет + магазин. In Ukrainian, combinations like інтернет-магазин, пресслужба, бізнес-план are often written as single lexical units, and інтернет-магазин is standard with a hyphen.

In your sentence it is capitalized only because it stands at the beginning of the sentence. In the middle of a sentence, you would normally write інтернет-магазин.

It is in the nominative singular. It is the subject of the sentence—the thing doing the action.

• інтернет-магазин = nominative singular
• masculine noun
• inanimate

So grammatically it works like the online store as the subject.

Обговорює is the 3rd person singular present tense form of обговорювати (to discuss).

So:

• я обговорюю = I discuss / am discussing
• ти обговорюєш = you discuss
• він / вона / воно обговорює = he / she / it discusses

Since the subject інтернет-магазин is singular, the verb is also singular: обговорює.

It is imperfective.

The verb обговорювати describes an ongoing process, repeated action, or general activity: to discuss. That is why it can have a present-tense form like обговорює.

Its perfective partner is usually обговорити, which means something like to discuss fully / to finish discussing. A perfective verb in Ukrainian does not normally have a true present tense; its present-looking forms usually refer to the future.

Because обмін requires the genitive case for the thing being exchanged.

So:

• обмін чого? = exchange of what?
• товару = of the product / goods

This is a very common pattern in Ukrainian: a noun governs another noun in the genitive.

Compare:

• продаж товару = sale of the product / goods
• виробництво товару = production of the product / goods
• обмін товару = exchange of the product / goods

So товару is genitive singular of товар.

Here обмін is in the accusative singular, because it is the direct object of обговорює.

However, for this noun, the accusative singular looks exactly like the nominative singular:

• nominative: обмін
• accusative: обмін

That happens because обмін is a masculine inanimate noun. For many masculine inanimate nouns in Ukrainian, nominative and accusative have the same form.

Because Ukrainian has no articles.

English distinguishes between:

• a/an
• the

Ukrainian usually does not. Whether a noun is definite or indefinite is understood from context.

So Інтернет-магазин can mean:

• an online store
• the online store

and товару can mean:

• of a product
• of the product
• sometimes even of goods, depending on context

Yes. Ukrainian word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show grammatical relationships.

Your sentence is neutral and straightforward:

• Інтернет-магазин обговорює обмін товару.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Обмін товару обговорює інтернет-магазин.
• Обговорює інтернет-магазин обмін товару.

These alternatives sound more marked and may shift emphasis or style. For learners, the original order is the safest and most natural neutral choice.

In this sentence, товару is genitive singular of товар.

Forms:

• nominative singular: товар
• genitive singular: товару
• nominative plural: товари

So here it means of the product or sometimes of goods, depending on context. Even though English may prefer goods in some contexts, grammatically the Ukrainian form here is singular.

Because of both case and sentence structure.

• обмін is a noun, not a verb
• товару is genitive, showing dependence on обмін
• the only finite verb in the sentence is обговорює

So the structure is:

• Інтернет-магазин = subject
• обговорює = verb
• обмін товару = object phrase

That makes обмін товару a noun phrase, not a clause.

Roughly:

internet-maha-ZEEN

A few helpful notes:

• г in Ukrainian is usually like a soft h sound, not a hard English g
• зин in магазин is stressed on the last syllable: магази́н
• є in обговорює sounds roughly like ye after a vowel or can signal softness after a consonant

A rough full pronunciation of the sentence is:

In-ter-NET ma-ha-ZEEN ob-ho-VO-ryu-ye ob-MIN to-VA-ru

That is only an approximation, but it can help at the beginning.

Yes. Обмін is a noun meaning exchange, and like English exchange, it can refer to:

• an act of exchanging
• a process or procedure
• a business matter such as a return/exchange of goods

So in a commercial context, обмін товару can naturally refer to a product exchange or goods exchange procedure.

Yes, depending on the meaning.

• обмін товару = exchange of a product / of the product
• обмін товарів = exchange of goods / exchange of products

So the choice depends on whether the speaker means one item or goods/products more generally. In real commercial language, plural forms are often very common, but your sentence with товару is grammatically correct.