Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor.

Turkish often puts information in this basic order:

demonstrative + adjective + noun + place + verb

So here:

• Bu = this
• süslü = decorative / ornate / fancy
• vazo = vase
• masada = on the table / at the table
• duruyor = is standing / is sitting / is staying

A very typical neutral Turkish sentence puts the verb at the end. That is one of the biggest differences from English.

Bu means this. It is a demonstrative adjective, used before a noun.

So:

• bu vazo = this vase
• bu süslü vazo = this decorative vase

Unlike English, Turkish does not use a/an/the as separate articles, so bu helps make the noun more specific.

In Turkish, adjectives normally come before the noun, just like in English.

So:

• süslü vazo = decorative vase
• büyük ev = big house
• kırmızı araba = red car

Also, Turkish adjectives do not change form for singular/plural or gender.

Süslü comes from süs, which relates to decoration or ornament.

Depending on context, süslü can mean:

• decorative
• ornate
• fancy
• adorned

In this sentence, it describes the vase as something visually decorated or elegant.

Masada is masa + -da.

• masa = table
• -da / -de = in / on / at

So masada means on the table or at the table, depending on context. With objects like a vase, English usually says on the table, but Turkish uses the locative ending -da rather than a separate word like on.

This is due to two Turkish sound rules: vowel harmony and consonant harmony.

The locative suffix has four common forms:

• -da
• -de
• -ta
• -te

For masa:

• the last vowel is a, so the suffix uses a rather than e
• the word ends in a vowel, so the suffix keeps d, not t

So:

• masa + da = masada

Compare:

• evde = in the house
• parkta = in the park
• şehirde = in the city

Duruyor comes from durmak, which often means to stand, to stop, or to remain/stay.

In this sentence, it does not necessarily mean the vase is literally standing upright in the same way a person stands. For objects, durmak often means something like:

• is sitting
• is standing
• is there
• remains positioned

So masada duruyor can be understood as is sitting on the table or is there on the table.

Duruyor is built from the verb durmak with the Turkish present continuous / progressive ending.

Very roughly:

• dur- = verb stem
• -uyor = is doing / is happening now

So duruyor means is standing / is staying / is sitting there.

This form is commonly used for actions happening now, but in Turkish it can also describe a current state or visible situation.

Turkish often does not need a separate word for is in the same way English does.

In this sentence, the main verb is already duruyor, so no extra is is needed. The meaning of an ongoing present situation is built into the verb form itself.

English says:

• The vase is on the table
• The vase is standing on the table

Turkish can express this with one verb:

• Vazo masada duruyor

Yes, that can work in Turkish, depending on context.

• Bu vazo masada = This vase is on the table.
• Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor = This decorative vase is standing/sitting on the table.

The version with duruyor is a bit more explicit and descriptive. It gives the sense that the vase is positioned there.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible, although verb-final is still the most common pattern.

For example:

• Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor. = neutral
• Masada bu süslü vazo duruyor. = puts more focus on on the table
• Bu vazo duruyor masada. = possible in some contexts, but less neutral

The neutral learner-friendly pattern is the original one: Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor.

A simple pronunciation guide:

Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor
boo sews-LOO vah-ZOH mah-sah-DAH doo-roo-YOR

A few notes:

• ü is a front rounded vowel, somewhat like the vowel in French tu or German über
• z is like English z
• c would sound like English j, but there is no c in this sentence
• stress in Turkish is often toward the end, though natural sentence rhythm also matters

Vazo is singular: vase.

Plural would be vazolar = vases.

So:

• Bu süslü vazo masada duruyor. = This decorative vase is on the table.
• Bu süslü vazolar masada duruyor. = These decorative vases are on the table.

Notice that süslü does not change form.