Akşam arkadaşımla bahçede uzun uzun konuşacağız.

Because Turkish often leaves the subject out when the verb already shows who is doing the action.

Here, konuşacağız means we will talk / we are going to talk. The ending -ız / -iz / -uz / -üz (here appearing as part of -acağız) tells you the subject is we.

So Turkish does not need an extra biz unless you want emphasis:

• Akşam arkadaşımla bahçede uzun uzun konuşacağız. = We’ll talk at length...
• Biz akşam arkadaşımla bahçede uzun uzun konuşacağız. = We will talk... (more emphasis)

Here akşam is a time expression meaning in the evening / tonight, depending on context.

Turkish often uses bare time words like this without a preposition:

• sabah = in the morning
• öğlen = at noon
• akşam = in the evening / tonight

So akşam functions adverbially here: it tells when the talking will happen.

Arkadaşımla means with my friend.

It is made from:

• arkadaş = friend
• arkadaşım = my friend
• arkadaşımla = with my friend

So the structure is:

• arkadaş
  • -ım = arkadaşım (my friend)
• arkadaşım
  • -la = arkadaşımla (with my friend)

If you said arkadaşla, that would mean with a friend or with the friend, not specifically with my friend.

Because bahçede means in the garden or at the garden, and the sentence needs a location.

It comes from:

• bahçe = garden
• bahçede = in the garden

The ending -de / -da is the locative suffix, used for location.

So:

• evde = at home / in the house
• okulda = at school
• bahçede = in the garden

Without that ending, bahçe would just be the noun garden, not in the garden.

Uzun uzun is a common Turkish repetition pattern that makes the meaning more adverbial and expressive.

Here it means something like:

• at length
• for a long time
• in detail

So it does not literally mean long long in English. It gives the idea that the conversation will go on for quite a while, or be detailed.

Similar Turkish repetitions are common:

• yavaş yavaş = slowly, little by little
• teker teker = one by one
• uzun uzun = at length

Konuşacağız comes from the verb konuşmak = to talk / to speak.

Its parts are:

• konuş- = verb stem
• -acak / -ecek = future tense
• -ız / -iz / -uz / -üz = we

So the full idea is:

• konuşacağız = we will talk

This is the future tense in first person plural.

This happens because of how Turkish joins suffixes smoothly.

The future suffix is -acak / -ecek, but when another vowel-initial ending follows, the final k often softens to ğ:

• konuşacak = he/she/it will talk
• konuşacağız = we will talk

So you can think of it as:

• konuş-acak-ız
• which becomes konuşacağız

This softening is very common in Turkish.

In modern Turkish, ğ (called yumuşak ge) usually is not pronounced like a hard English g.

In konuşacağız, it mainly lengthens or smooths the sound between vowels. So the word sounds roughly like:

• konuş-ca-ağız with a smooth transition

You do not pronounce it like a strong g in go.

For learners, the most important thing is:

• don’t force a hard g
• let the vowels flow smoothly

Yes. Turkish suffixes change form to match the vowels in the word they attach to. This is called vowel harmony.

In this sentence:

• arkadaşım + la → arkadaşımla
• bahçe + de → bahçede
• konuş + acak → konuşacak...

The vowel in the suffix changes to fit the word naturally.

For example:

• evde but okulda
• seninle but benimle
• gelecek but konuşacak

You do not need to memorize every form separately at first, but it is good to notice that Turkish suffixes adapt to the word.

Turkish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

This sentence is very natural:

• Akşam arkadaşımla bahçede uzun uzun konuşacağız.

A rough neutral order is: time + companion + place + manner + verb

But Turkish can move things around for emphasis. For example:

• Arkadaşımla akşam bahçede uzun uzun konuşacağız.
• Bahçede akşam arkadaşımla uzun uzun konuşacağız.

The verb usually stays at or near the end in standard sentences. Changing the order usually changes focus or emphasis, not the basic meaning.

Because Turkish does not use articles the way English does.

So nouns like bahçe and arkadaş do not need a separate word like the or a. The exact meaning usually comes from context.

For example:

• bahçede can mean in the garden
• arkadaşımla means with my friend

English requires articles much more often than Turkish does. When translating into English, you usually add the, a, or a possessive like my based on the meaning already contained in the Turkish word or the context.