Ablam dışarı çıkmadan önce biraz parfüm sıktı.

Abla means older sister. The ending -m is the 1st person singular possessive suffix, so ablam literally means my older sister.

This is very common in Turkish with family words:

• annem = my mother
• babam = my father
• ablam = my older sister

Turkish often does not need a separate word for my if the possessive suffix is already there.

Because ablam already contains the idea of my.

So:

• ablam = my older sister
• benim ablam = my older sister, with extra emphasis on my

Both are correct, but ablam by itself is the normal, natural choice here.

Not always. Abla can also be used as a friendly or respectful way to address an older girl or woman, a bit like big sis in tone.

But in a sentence like this, especially with ablam, the most natural reading is the literal one: my older sister.

Dışarı çıkmak is a very common expression meaning to go out or to go outside.

• dışarı = outside / out
• çıkmak = to go out, exit, come out

Together, they form a natural unit: dışarı çıkmak = go out.

As for dışarı vs dışarıya: both can occur, but dışarı çıkmak is the more common fixed expression. Dışarıya çıkmak is possible too, but it sounds a bit more explicitly directional.

Yes—by itself, -madan / -meden usually means without doing:

• yemeden = without eating
• çıkmadan = without going out

But when you add önce, the whole pattern verb + -madan önce means before doing:

• yemeden önce = before eating
• çıkmadan önce = before going out

So this is a standard Turkish structure. It may feel strange at first from an English point of view, but it is very common.

Önce means before.

In this pattern, it comes after the -madan/-meden form:

• çıkmadan önce = before going out
• yatmadan önce = before going to bed
• gitmeden önce = before going

So Turkish does not say önce çıkmak for this meaning. The normal pattern is:

verb stem + -madan/-meden + önce

Biraz parfüm means some perfume or a little perfume.

Here, parfüm is an indefinite, non-specific object, so it stays in its bare form. This is very common in Turkish.

Compare:

• biraz parfüm sıktı = she sprayed some perfume
• parfümü sıktı = she sprayed the perfume / a specific perfume already known in context

So the lack of an accusative ending here helps show that the object is not specific.

Sıkmak has several meanings depending on context. It can mean:

• to squeeze
• to press
• to tighten
• to spray

With parfüm, it normally means to spray.

So parfüm sıkmak is the natural way to say to spray perfume in Turkish.

Not explicitly, but that is the natural interpretation.

The sentence only says she sprayed some perfume. Turkish often leaves out details that are obvious from context. So listeners will usually understand that she sprayed it on herself, on her clothes, or otherwise used perfume before going out.

If you wanted to be more specific, you could say:

• Üzerine biraz parfüm sıktı. = She sprayed some perfume on herself/on her clothes.
• Boynuna parfüm sıktı. = She sprayed perfume on her neck.

Sıktı is in the simple past (also called the definite past in many Turkish grammars). It means sprayed.

It breaks down like this:

• sık- = verb stem
• -tı = past tense ending

The past tense suffix is often shown as -DI, because its actual form changes by harmony:

• the vowel changes by vowel harmony
• the consonant changes by consonant harmony

Here:

• the last vowel in sık- is ı, so the vowel in the suffix becomes ı
• the verb ends in k, a voiceless consonant, so d becomes t

That is why you get sık-tı.

Turkish normally puts the main verb at the end, so sıktı comes last.

The sentence structure is very natural:

• Ablam = subject
• dışarı çıkmadan önce = time expression
• biraz parfüm = object
• sıktı = verb

A more English-like order is usually not the default in Turkish.

Some reordering is possible for emphasis, for example:

• Dışarı çıkmadan önce ablam biraz parfüm sıktı.

That is also correct. But keeping the verb at the end is still the most normal pattern.

First, she sprayed some perfume. After that, she went out.

That time relationship is expressed by dışarı çıkmadan önce = before going out.

So the perfume action happened earlier than the going-out action.