Gece çok geç kahve içince uyuyamıyorum.

Here gece means at night or nighttime.

In Turkish, many time words can be used without a case ending as adverbials:

• bugün = today
• sabah = in the morning
• akşam = in the evening
• gece = at night

So gece here is functioning like an adverb of time, not just the noun night.

Çok geç literally means very late.

In this sentence, it naturally gives the idea of too late in English, because the second part shows the consequence:

• Gece çok geç kahve içince uyuyamıyorum.
• Literally: When I drink coffee very late at night, I can’t sleep.
• Natural English: When I drink coffee too late at night, I can’t sleep.

So the Turkish is not using a special word for too here; the context creates that meaning.

Because kahve here is a general, non-specific object: it means coffee in general, not a particular coffee.

In Turkish:

• kahve içmek = to drink coffee
• kahveyi içmek = to drink the coffee / drink a specific coffee

So:

• kahve içince = when I drink coffee
• kahveyi içince = when I drink the coffee

Using the unmarked form kahve is very normal for general habits or general statements.

İçince comes from the verb içmek = to drink.

Formation:

• içmek → remove -mek
• verb stem: iç-
• add -ince

So:

• içince = when (someone) drinks / upon drinking

This -ince form is a common way to make a time clause in Turkish.

It can mean different things depending on context.

In this sentence, içince is best understood as:

• when
• whenever

So the sense is:

• When/whenever I drink coffee very late at night, I can’t sleep.

Sometimes -ince can feel a bit like if, especially in cause-and-result situations, but here when/whenever is the clearest explanation.

Good question. İçince itself does not show person.

We understand the subject from the main clause:

• uyuyamıyorum = I can’t sleep

In Turkish, when the subordinate clause has no separate subject stated, it is usually understood to have the same subject as the main clause.

So:

• kahve içince uyuyamıyorum means
• when I drink coffee, I can’t sleep

If the subject were different, Turkish would normally make that clear:

• Sen kahve içince ben uyuyamıyorum.
• When you drink coffee, I can’t sleep.

Uyuyamıyorum means I can’t sleep.

It comes from uyumak = to sleep.

A useful breakdown is:

• uyu- = sleep
• -yama- = not be able to
• -yor = present/progressive
• -um = I

So:

• uyuyamıyorum = I am not able to sleep → I can’t sleep

This is a very common Turkish pattern for inability:

• yapamıyorum = I can’t do it
• gidemiyorum = I can’t go
• uyuyamıyorum = I can’t sleep

Because one y belongs to the verb stem, and another appears when suffixes are attached.

The verb stem is:

• uyu- = sleep

Then Turkish adds a linking sound before the next vowel-initial part:

• uyu + yama + yor + um

So the spelling uyuyamıyorum is completely regular.

It may look long, but it is just the result of normal Turkish sound linking.

Because Turkish -yor is not only for actions happening right this second. It is also commonly used for:

• present situations
• repeated experiences
• things that generally happen to someone

Here it means something like:

• I can’t sleep in that situation
• I end up not being able to sleep

So even though the sentence expresses a general tendency, uyuyamıyorum is very natural.

A more rule-like version could be:

• Gece çok geç kahve içersem uyuyamam.
• If I drink coffee very late at night, I can’t sleep / won’t be able to sleep.

That sounds a bit more like a firm general rule.

Because Turkish usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows the subject.

Here:

• uyuyamıyorum already tells us the subject is I because of -um.

So ben is unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Compare:

• Uyuyamıyorum. = I can’t sleep.
• Ben uyuyamıyorum. = I can’t sleep. / As for me, I can’t sleep.

The sentence follows a very normal Turkish pattern:

• Gece = time
• çok geç = adverb phrase
• kahve = object
• içince = subordinate verb
• uyuyamıyorum = main verb

So the structure is roughly:

• [time] [adverb] [object] [when-clause verb] [main verb]

Turkish usually puts the main finite verb at the end, and subordinate clauses often come before it.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but the original order is natural and neutral.

For example, you could say:

• Kahveyi gece çok geç içince uyuyamıyorum.
• Gece kahveyi çok geç içince uyuyamıyorum.

But those may shift emphasis slightly, and kahveyi would also change the meaning to a more specific object.

For a general statement, the original:

• Gece çok geç kahve içince uyuyamıyorum. is natural and clear.

Yes, you could, but it is slightly different.

• kahve içince uyuyamıyorum

  • when/whenever I drink coffee, I can’t sleep
  • sounds like describing what happens in experience

• kahve içersem uyuyamam

  • if I drink coffee, I can’t/won’t be able to sleep
  • sounds a bit more conditional or rule-like

So both are possible, but they are not exactly the same in tone:

• -ince = when/whenever, event-based
• -erse/-arsa = if, conditional