Bu rapor, yeni bulguları önceki araştırmalara bağlıyor.

Bu means this.

So Bu rapor = This report.

Turkish does not have separate words for a and the the way English does, so learners often look for them and do not find them. Instead, Turkish uses context, word order, and sometimes case endings to show definiteness.

The comma is a stylistic pause. It can make Bu rapor feel slightly more topicalized or separated, like As for this report, ...

So:

• Bu rapor, yeni bulguları önceki araştırmalara bağlıyor.
• Bu rapor yeni bulguları önceki araştırmalara bağlıyor.

Both are understandable. In many contexts, the version without the comma is also perfectly natural.

Because bulguları is the direct object, and it is marked with the accusative ending.

Breakdown:

• bulgu = finding
• bulgular = findings
• bulguları = the findings / the specific findings

In Turkish, a specific or definite direct object usually takes the accusative ending. Here the sentence is talking about specific findings, not just findings in general.

So:

• yeni bulgular = new findings
• yeni bulguları = the new findings / specific new findings

Yes. This is a very common source of confusion.

Bulguları can also mean his/her/its/their findings in other contexts, because Turkish endings can overlap in form.

But in this sentence, the intended meaning is clearly the new findings because:

• yeni directly modifies bulguları
• the overall sentence structure fits a direct object reading
• the meaning is about linking findings to earlier research

So here you should read yeni bulguları as the new findings.

Because it contains two endings:

• araştırma = study / investigation / research project
• araştırmalar = studies
• araştırmalara = to the studies

So the ending is really:

• -lar = plural
• -a = dative (to)

This matters because bağlamak usually works like to connect/link X to Y:

• X = direct object
• Y = takes the dative ending

Here:

• yeni bulguları = X
• önceki araştırmalara = to Y

Önceki means previous or earlier.

It behaves like an adjective, so it comes before the noun:

• önceki araştırmalar = previous studies
• önceki araştırmalara = to previous studies

So the whole phrase means to earlier/previous studies.

Good question. Turkish araştırma often means a study, an investigation, or a piece of research. So the plural araştırmalar naturally means studies.

That is why Turkish may use a plural noun where English prefers uncountable research.

So depending on context:

• önceki araştırmalar can be previous studies
• or more loosely earlier research

It comes from the verb bağlamak.

Its basic meanings include:

• to tie
• to attach
• to connect
• to link

In this sentence, it is being used in the abstract sense: to link/connect ideas or results.

So bağlıyor here means something like:

• is linking
• links
• is connecting

It is the -yor form, often called the present continuous.

So bağlıyor literally looks like is linking. But in Turkish, this form is also often used for a more general present meaning, depending on context.

That means the sentence could be understood as:

• This report is linking the new findings to earlier studies
• or more naturally in English, This report links the new findings to earlier studies

Both can be valid depending on the situation.

Because the -yor suffix causes a change in many verb stems ending in -a or -e.

The verb is:

• bağla- = to connect

With the -yor form, the final stem vowel drops:

• bağla- + -yor → bağlıyor

You see the same pattern in many common verbs:

• başla- → başlıyor
• anla- → anlıyor
• bekle- → bekliyor

So bağlıyor is the normal correct form.

The order is very normal for Turkish, especially because the verb comes at the end.

Here is the structure:

• Bu rapor = subject
• yeni bulguları = direct object
• önceki araştırmalara = dative complement
• bağlıyor = verb

So the pattern is roughly:

Subject + Object + Complement + Verb

Turkish word order is flexible, but the verb is very often final. Changing the order can change emphasis, even if the basic meaning stays the same.

Not without changing the grammar or meaning.

The endings are doing important jobs:

• -ı in bulguları marks the specific direct object
• -a in araştırmalara marks to
• -lar marks plural
• -yor marks the present continuous/general present form of the verb

If you remove them, the sentence becomes incomplete or changes meaning.

So in Turkish, these endings are not optional decoration. They are a major part of how the sentence works.