Kedinin su kabını doldurur musun?

A natural breakdown is:

• kedinin = the cat's / of the cat
• su kabını = the water bowl
• doldurur musun = will/would you fill?

So the whole sentence means something like:

• Will you fill the cat's water bowl?
• Would you fill the cat's water bowl?

Turkish usually puts the verb at the end, so this word order is very normal.

Because kedinin is in the genitive case, which shows possession.

• kedi = cat
• kedinin = the cat's / of the cat

The genitive ending here is -(n)in. Since kedi ends in a vowel, Turkish inserts a buffer n:

• kedi + nin → kedinin

That tells you the cat is the owner of the bowl.

Because su kabı is a very common Turkish noun-compound pattern meaning water bowl or bowl for water.

In this pattern:

• the first noun stays bare: su
• the second noun gets a special ending: kabı

So:

• su kabı = water bowl

If you said suyun kabı, that would mean something more like the water's container or the container of the water, which is a different idea and sounds less natural here.

In Turkish noun compounds, the second noun usually takes a suffix that looks like the 3rd person possessive ending.

So:

• kap = container, bowl
• su kabı = literally something like water its-container, but naturally just water bowl

You do not need to translate that ending as its every time. In this structure, it is simply part of how Turkish builds compounds like:

• çay bardağı = tea glass
• kapı kolu = door handle
• su kabı = water bowl

This is because of a common sound change in Turkish called consonant softening.

Some final consonants change when a vowel-initial suffix is added:

• p → b
• t → d
• ç → c
• k → ğ/g in some words

So:

• kap
  • suffix → kabı

The same thing happens in words like:

• kitap → kitabı
• ağaç → ağacı

Because kabını is the direct object of the verb, and it is a specific/definite object.

Here is the breakdown:

• kabı = its bowl / the bowl in the compound form
• kabını = the bowl as a specific object being acted on

The extra -nı is the accusative ending used after this kind of possessed/compound noun.

So:

• su kabı = water bowl
• su kabını = the water bowl as the thing being filled

In Turkish, a specific direct object usually takes the accusative.

The speaker is not asking you to fill any bowl. They mean a particular bowl: the cat's water bowl.

That is why the object is marked.

Very roughly:

• unmarked object = less specific / more general
• accusative-marked object = specific, known, definite

So kabını helps show that this is a particular bowl both speaker and listener can identify.

Turkish does not have words exactly like English the and a/an in the same way.

Instead, definiteness is often shown by:

• context
• word order
• case marking, especially the accusative

Here, kabını is accusative-marked, which strongly suggests a specific bowl: the bowl.

So even without a separate word for the, Turkish grammar makes the meaning clear.

Doldurur is the aorist form.

The aorist can have several uses in Turkish, including:

• general/habitual actions
• future-like meaning in context
• polite or natural requests in questions

In this sentence, doldurur musun? is best understood as a request:

• Will you fill it?
• Would you fill it?

It is not the same as:

• dolduruyor musun? = Are you filling it? / Are you in the process of filling it?

So the aorist here sounds like a normal request, not a description of an ongoing action.

Because mu/mü/mı/mi is the Turkish yes-no question particle, and it is written separately from the verb.

So:

• doldurur musun
• not doldururmusun

The personal ending comes after the question particle here:

• mu + sun = musun

This is a very common Turkish pattern.

It is not stated separately, because Turkish often leaves subject pronouns out when the verb already shows the person.

Here, -sun tells you the subject is you singular.

So:

• doldurur musun? = will you fill?

If you wanted to add you for emphasis, you could say:

• Sen kedinin su kabını doldurur musun?

But usually sen is unnecessary unless you want emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

It is a normal, natural request to one person. It sounds fairly neutral to casual.

• doldurur musun? = fine with family, friends, housemates, someone you speak casually to

If you want to be more polite or formal, you could say:

• Kedinin su kabını doldurur musunuz? = to one person formally, or to several people
• Kedinin su kabını doldurabilir misin? = Could you fill the cat's water bowl?
• Kedinin su kabını doldurabilir misiniz? = more polite/formal

So the original is not rude; it is just not especially formal.

Some parts can move for emphasis, but the basic structure is very normal as it is.

Turkish commonly puts the verb at the end:

• Kedinin su kabını doldurur musun?

The possessive phrase itself should stay together:

• kedinin su kabını = the cat's water bowl

So you generally would not want to split kedinin away from su kabını in a basic sentence like this.

The original order is the most natural choice for most situations.