Yağmur başlayınca samanı ambara taşıyoruz.

Başlayınca comes from the verb başlamak = to begin / to start.

It breaks down like this:

• başla- = start
• -yınca / -ince = when / once / after

So başlayınca means when it starts or once it starts.

The y is just a buffer consonant. Since the verb stem here ends in a vowel-like sound after dropping -mak, Turkish inserts y before the ending.

So:

• başlamak → başlayınca = when it starts / when it begins

Both are possible, but they mean slightly different things.

• yağmur başlayınca = when the rain starts
• yağmur yağınca = when it rains / when the rain falls

In this sentence, yağmur başlayınca focuses on the beginning of the rain, so it matches English when it starts to rain very well.

A more explicit version would be:

• Yağmur yağmaya başlayınca = when it starts raining

But yağmur başlayınca is shorter and natural.

The -ı here is the accusative case, which marks a definite or specific direct object.

• saman = hay / straw
• samanı = the hay

So samanı taşıyoruz means we are carrying the hay or we carry the hay, referring to a specific hay that both speaker and listener can identify.

Compare:

• saman taşıyoruz = we carry hay / we are carrying hay
  more general, less specific
• samanı taşıyoruz = we carry the hay
  specific

Because ambara is in the dative case, which often means to or toward, and in many contexts also corresponds to English into.

• ambar = barn / storehouse / granary
• ambara = to the barn / into the barn

So:

• samanı ambara taşıyoruz = we carry the hay into the barn

Turkish uses the dative ending -a / -e for destination.

Literally, the case ending is more like to / toward. But with verbs of movement such as taşımak = to carry, English often translates it as into if that is the natural meaning.

So:

• ambara taşıyoruz
  literally: we carry it to the barn
  natural English: we carry it into the barn

The exact English wording depends on context.

Taşıyoruz is built from:

• taşı- = carry
• -yor- = present continuous
• -uz = we

So literally it is we are carrying.

However, in Turkish, the -yor form is often used not only for actions happening right now, but also for regular, repeated, or habitual actions, especially in everyday speech.

So this sentence can mean something like:

• When it starts raining, we carry the hay into the barn
• or, in context, When it starts raining, we’re carrying the hay into the barn

Both are possible depending on the situation.

Yes, taşırız is possible.

• taşıyoruz sounds more conversational and common in everyday Turkish
• taşırız can sound more like a general rule, habit, or statement of routine

Compare:

• Yağmur başlayınca samanı ambara taşıyoruz.
  natural, everyday: When it starts raining, we carry the hay into the barn.
• Yağmur başlayınca samanı ambara taşırız.
  more like: When it starts raining, we usually carry the hay into the barn.

The difference is subtle, but learners often notice that Turkish uses -yor more broadly than English am/is/are -ing.

Because Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Here, taşıyoruz already includes -uz, which means we.

So Turkish does not need biz unless the speaker wants extra emphasis.

• taşıyoruz = we carry / we are carrying
• biz taşıyoruz = we carry / we are carrying, with emphasis on we

The sentence follows a very common Turkish pattern:

[time/condition clause] + [object] + [destination] + [verb]

So:

• Yağmur başlayınca = when the rain starts
• samanı = the hay
• ambara = into the barn
• taşıyoruz = we carry

Turkish usually puts the main verb at the end. Information like time, condition, and place often comes before it.

Yes.

In yağmur başlayınca, the word yağmur is the subject of başlayınca.

So the clause literally works like:

• the rain starts
• when the rain starts

There is no extra subject marker needed here. As the subject, yağmur appears in its basic form.

Yes. The exact nuance depends on context.

In many sentences, -yınca / -ince can mean:

• when
• once
• after
• as soon as

So Yağmur başlayınca... can suggest:

• when it starts raining...
• once it starts raining...
• as soon as it starts raining...

Here, the idea is probably that the rain begins and then the action of carrying the hay happens in response.

Because saman is usually treated as a mass noun, like hay in English.

Just as English normally says hay rather than hays, Turkish normally says saman, not samanlar, unless you are talking about separate kinds or groups in a special context.

So:

• saman = hay
• samanı = the hay

Not always exactly. Ambar usually means a storehouse, granary, or storage building. In some contexts, barn is the best natural English translation, especially in rural settings.

So depending on context, ambar might be understood as:

• barn
• granary
• storehouse
• storage shed

In this sentence, barn is a very natural translation if hay is being moved there.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, though each order gives a slightly different emphasis.

The original:

• Yağmur başlayınca samanı ambara taşıyoruz.

Other possible orders include:

• Samanı yağmur başlayınca ambara taşıyoruz.
• Samanı ambara yağmur başlayınca taşıyoruz.

These are still understandable, but the original order is very natural because it sets up the condition first: when the rain starts...

So for learners, the original sentence is a good model to follow.