Sorular çoğalınca, öğretmen konuyu yeniden açıklıyor.

Çoğalınca comes from the verb çoğalmak, which means to increase, to multiply, or to become more numerous.

It is formed like this:

• çoğal- = verb stem
• -ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce = a suffix meaning when, once, or as soon as

So çoğalınca means when it/they increase or once they become numerous.

In this sentence, the subject is sorular (questions), so the sense is:

• when the questions increase
• when there are more and more questions

It can do both.

The -ınca form is mainly a time clause marker: when / once / after something happens. But in real usage, it often carries a cause-and-result feeling too.

So here:

• Sorular çoğalınca... literally = When the questions increase...
• But it also suggests: Because there are so many questions...

That is very natural in Turkish. The sentence combines time and reason in a smooth way.

Because the sentence is talking about questions in general as a group, not just one question.

• soru = question
• sorular = questions

Using the plural makes sense because çoğalmak means to become more numerous. A single question does not really multiply, but questions can.

So:

• Sorular çoğalınca = When the questions increase / become numerous

There are really two clauses here, and each has its own subject:

1. Sorular çoğalınca

   • subject: sorular = the questions

2. öğretmen konuyu yeniden açıklıyor

   • subject: öğretmen = the teacher

So the full structure is:

• When the questions increase, the teacher explains the topic again.

Because konuyu is the definite direct object of the verb açıklıyor.

• konu = topic / subject
• konuyu = the topic as a specific object

In Turkish, a specific direct object usually takes the accusative ending:

• -ı / -i / -u / -ü

Since konu ends in a vowel, Turkish adds a buffer letter y before the accusative ending:

• konu + yu = konuyu

So:

• konu = a topic / topic
• konuyu = the topic

Turkish does not have articles like a and the.

Instead, definiteness is often understood from:

• context
• word order
• case marking

In this sentence:

• öğretmen can mean the teacher or a teacher, depending on context
• konuyu clearly feels definite because it has the accusative ending, so it means the topic

That is why English needs articles here, but Turkish does not.

Yeniden means again or anew.

So:

• konuyu yeniden açıklıyor = explains the topic again

It is similar to tekrar, and in many situations they can both work.

Very roughly:

• yeniden = again / anew / from the start again
• tekrar = again / once more

In this sentence, both would sound natural:

• konuyu yeniden açıklıyor
• konuyu tekrar açıklıyor

Yeniden can sound slightly more formal or slightly more like re-explaining.

The -yor form is the Turkish present continuous, but it is used more broadly than English is doing.

Here:

• açıklamak = to explain
• açıklıyor = is explaining / explains

In Turkish, -yor can describe:

• something happening right now
• something happening around this time
• a repeated or typical action in context

So this sentence could mean either:

• the teacher is explaining the topic again
• the teacher explains the topic again

depending on the situation.

Yes. Turkish word order is flexible.

The sentence as given is:

• Sorular çoğalınca, öğretmen konuyu yeniden açıklıyor.

This puts the when-clause first, which is very natural.

You could also say:

• Öğretmen, sorular çoğalınca konuyu yeniden açıklıyor.

That still means the same thing.

Turkish often moves parts around for:

• emphasis
• style
• information flow

But the original version is a very normal and natural order.

Because Sorular çoğalınca is an introductory subordinate clause, like When the questions increase in English.

The comma helps separate:

• the background condition/time clause from
• the main clause

So this is similar to English:

• When the questions increase, the teacher explains the topic again.

In informal writing, punctuation can vary, but the comma here is completely natural and helpful.

Yes, that is a very natural interpretation.

Literally, sorular çoğalınca is more like:

• when the questions increase
• when the questions become numerous

But in smooth English, that often becomes:

• when there are more questions
• when there are too many questions
• when the questions start piling up

The exact English wording depends on how natural you want it to sound.

Because Turkish often leaves subject pronouns out when they are not needed.

The noun öğretmen already tells us who is doing the action, so there is no need to add:

• o = he / she / it

Turkish commonly avoids unnecessary pronouns. So instead of saying something like the teacher, he/she explains..., it simply says:

• öğretmen konuyu yeniden açıklıyor

That is normal and natural.

Yes, often it could.

• çoğalmak = to become more numerous, multiply
• artmak = to increase, rise

So a similar sentence would be:

• Sorular artınca, öğretmen konuyu yeniden açıklıyor.

That also means When the questions increase, the teacher explains the topic again.

The difference is small here. Çoğalmak emphasizes becoming more numerous, while artmak is a more general increase word. Both are natural.