Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.

Yes:

• yangın = fire, blaze
• hemen = immediately, right away
• söndürülmek = to be extinguished
• zorunda = obliged, required; in this pattern, has to / must

So the whole sentence literally looks something like The fire is under an obligation to be extinguished immediately, but the natural English meaning is The fire must be extinguished immediately.

It is built from several layers:

• sönmek = to go out, to be extinguished on its own
• söndürmek = to extinguish, to put out
• söndürülmek = to be extinguished

A useful learner-friendly breakdown is:

• söndür- = extinguish, put out
• -ül- = passive marker here, giving be extinguished
• -mek = infinitive, to ...

So söndürülmek means to be extinguished.

Because sönmek usually means to go out by itself, while söndürmek means to extinguish something.

So:

• Yangın söndü. = The fire went out.
• İtfaiye yangını söndürdü. = The firefighters extinguished the fire.

In your sentence, the idea is not just that the fire stops burning by itself, but that it needs to be put out. That is why Turkish uses söndürülmek = to be extinguished.

The passive is used because the sentence focuses on the fire, not on who will put it out.

Compare:

• İtfaiye yangını hemen söndürmek zorunda.
  The fire brigade has to extinguish the fire immediately.

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.
  The fire has to be extinguished immediately.

The second version leaves the doer unstated, which is very common when the important thing is the action itself.

This is a very common Turkish pattern.

The expression is -mek / -mak zorunda (olmak), meaning to have to ...

In the 3rd person singular present, Turkish often leaves the copula unstated. So:

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.
  = The fire has to be extinguished immediately.

A more formal version would be:

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorundadır.

So the sentence is complete even without a separate visible word for is.

Because zorunda normally combines with the infinitive form of a verb.

This is the standard structure:

• gitmek zorunda = to have to go
• beklemek zorunda = to have to wait
• söndürülmek zorunda = to have to be extinguished

So Turkish is not using a finite verb here. It is using the pattern:

verb + infinitive + zorunda

It usually means a strong necessity, often close to has to or must.

In many contexts, must and has to are both good translations. A rough guide:

• zorunda often sounds like an obligation or unavoidable necessity
• -meli / -malı can also express necessity, but it can sometimes sound a bit softer, more like advice or recommendation depending on context

So:

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.
• Yangın hemen söndürülmeli.

Both can mean The fire must be extinguished immediately, but zorunda often feels a bit stronger or more matter-of-fact.

Because here yangın is the subject of the sentence.

In the passive sentence:

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.

yangın is the thing being talked about, so it stays in the basic form.

But in an active sentence, the fire would be the direct object, so it would take the accusative:

• İtfaiye yangını hemen söndürmek zorunda.

Here:

• yangın = subject
• yangını = object

That contrast is very useful to notice.

Yes.

If you want to keep the passive, you can add the agent with tarafından:

• Yangın itfaiye tarafından hemen söndürülmek zorunda.
  = The fire has to be extinguished immediately by the fire brigade.

But if the doer is important, Turkish often prefers the active version:

• İtfaiye yangını hemen söndürmek zorunda.
  = The fire brigade has to extinguish the fire immediately.

So both are possible, but the active sentence is often more natural when you want to name the responsible person or group.

Hemen usually goes near the action it modifies, so placing it before söndürülmek is very natural.

• Yangın hemen söndürülmek zorunda.

This means the extinguishing must happen immediately.

Turkish word order is flexible, but not every rearrangement sounds equally natural. In this sentence, putting hemen before the verbal part is the normal choice.

Turkish does not have English-style articles like a and the.

So yangın can mean either fire, a fire, or the fire, depending on context. In this sentence, it is usually understood as the fire because the situation is specific and urgent.

If you wanted to emphasize a fire in some contexts, Turkish might use bir:

• Bir yangın çıktı. = A fire broke out.

But in your sentence, the bare noun yangın is perfectly normal.