Babam, yarın yağmur yağacağını duymuş.

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Breakdown of Babam, yarın yağmur yağacağını duymuş.

• yarın: tomorrow
• yağmur: the rain
• yağmak: to rain

Questions & Answers about Babam, yarın yağmur yağacağını duymuş.

What exactly does duymuş mean here? Is it just the past tense of duymak?

Duymuş is the 3rd person singular of duymak (to hear) in the -miş past (also called evidential / reported past), not the simple past.

• Duydu = he/she heard (plain past fact, the speaker presents it as known or witnessed)
• Duymuş = he/she has heard / apparently heard / I hear that he heard

So Babam … duymuş suggests:

• the speaker did not directly witness the act of hearing, and/or
• the information is new, reported, or slightly distant from the speaker.

A natural English translation is something like:

• My father has heard that it will rain tomorrow.
• Apparently my father heard that it will rain tomorrow.

Why does Turkish say yağmur yağacağını (literally “rain will rain”)? Isn’t that redundant?