Mahkeme çok zor.

The court is very difficult.

Breakdown of Mahkeme çok zor.

• olmak: to be
• çok: very
• zor: difficult
• mahkeme: the court

Questions & Answers about Mahkeme çok zor.

Where is the verb “is” in “Mahkeme çok zor”? Why isn’t there a word for “is”?

In Turkish, the verb “to be” in the simple present is often not written as a separate word.

• Mahkeme = court / trial (subject)
• çok zor = very difficult (predicate)

Turkish uses a “zero copula” in the present tense for third person (he/she/it/they):

• Mahkeme çok zor. = The court (trial) is very difficult.
• Literally: Court very difficult.

There’s no need to add a separate “is” like in English.

Could I say “Mahkeme çok zordur” instead? What’s the difference between “Mahkeme çok zor” and “Mahkeme çok zordur”?

Yes, you can say “Mahkeme çok zordur.”

• Mahkeme çok zor.

  • Neutral, everyday statement.
  • Often about a specific situation, or just casual speech.

• Mahkeme çok zordur.

  • The -dur ending is a copular suffix that can add:
    • A sense of general truth (“Courts are (in general) very hard.”)
    • A tone that is more formal or emphatic.

In many everyday contexts, “Mahkeme çok zor” is perfectly natural and more common.

In this sentence, is “mahkeme” the subject or the object?

In “Mahkeme çok zor”, mahkeme is the subject.

• Mahkeme = the court / trial → subject
• çok zor = very difficult → predicate adjective (what the subject is like)

Turkish standard word order is Subject – (Object) – Verb.
Here the “verb” is actually an adjective used as a predicate, with an implicit “is” in the present tense.

Does “mahkeme” mean the court building or the trial itself?

“Mahkeme” can mean both, depending on context:

1. Institution / judicial body / courtroom

   • Mahkeme saat dokuzda başlıyor.
     → The court session starts at nine.

2. The legal process / trial / case

   • Bu mahkeme çok zor.
     → This trial is very hard.

If you specifically mean the courthouse building, Turkish often uses:

• adliye (courthouse as an institution/building)
  
  • Adliyeye gidiyorum. → I’m going to the courthouse.

So “Mahkeme çok zor.” would normally be understood as “The trial/court case is very hard.”, not “The building is hard.”

Why is there no word for “the” or “a” before “mahkeme”?

Turkish has no articles like English “the” or “a/an”.

Whether mahkeme means:

• “the court / the trial”
• “a court / a trial”

is decided by context, not by a separate word.

Examples:

• Mahkeme çok zor.
  → Usually understood as “The trial is very difficult.” (a specific one you’re talking about)

• Mahkemeler çok zor.
  → Courts/Trials are very hard. (courts in general; note the plural -ler)

If you need to be extra clear, you can add words like:

• bu mahkeme = this court/trial
• o mahkeme = that court/trial

What exactly does “çok” mean here? Does it mean “very,” “much,” or “many”?

“Çok” is flexible in Turkish; its meaning depends on what it modifies.

1. Before adjectives → usually “very”

   • Mahkeme çok zor.
     → The court is very difficult.

2. Before uncountable nouns → “a lot of / much”

   • Çok su içiyorum.
     → I drink a lot of water.

3. Before countable plural nouns → “many / a lot of”

   • Çok kitap aldım.
     → I bought many books.

In “çok zor”, because zor is an adjective, “çok” = “very.”

Why doesn’t “zor” change form to agree with “mahkeme”? Shouldn’t it match in gender or number?

Turkish adjectives do not change for:

• Gender (Turkish has no grammatical gender)
• Number (singular/plural)
• Case

So:

• zor mahkeme = a difficult court/trial
• zor mahkemeler = difficult courts/trials
• Mahkeme zor. = The court is difficult.
• Mahkemeler zor. = Courts are difficult.

In all cases, the adjective zor stays the same. There is no agreement ending like in many European languages.

Is “Mahkeme çok zor” present, past, or future? How would I say “was very hard” or “will be very hard”?

“Mahkeme çok zor” is present tense by default:

• Mahkeme çok zor.
  → The court/trial is very hard.

To change the time:

1. Past: “was very hard”

   • Mahkeme çok zordu.
     
     • -du is the past tense copular suffix.
     • The court/trial was very hard.

2. Future: “will be very hard”

   • Mahkeme çok zor olacak.
     
     • olacak = will be (from olmak, “to become / to be”)
     • The court/trial will be very hard.

How would I say “The court is very hard for me” in Turkish?

Two natural ways:

1. Using “benim için” (for me):

   • Mahkeme benim için çok zor.
     → The court/trial is very hard for me.

2. Using “bana” (to/for me, dative):

   • Bana mahkeme çok zor.
     → Literally: To me, the court is very hard.

Both are idiomatic; “Mahkeme benim için çok zor.” is slightly more explicit.

Is the word order “Mahkeme çok zor” fixed? Could I say “Çok zor mahkeme”?

The word order here does matter.

• Mahkeme çok zor.

  • Subject + predicate
  • The court is very hard. (a sentence)

• çok zor mahkeme

  • Adjective phrase + noun
  • Means a very difficult court/trial (a noun phrase, not a complete sentence)

Examples:

• Çok zor mahkeme başladı.
  → A very difficult trial has started.

So to say “The court is very hard,” you need “Mahkeme çok zor.” with mahkeme as the subject.