Learn Hardcore Turkish: Yağmurun dinmesiyle kalabalık dışarı aktı. - With the rain’s stopping, the crowd flowed outside.

In Turkish, when you nominalize a verb with -me/-ma, its subject is marked with genitive, and the verbal noun takes a possessive suffix. So "yağmur-un din-me-si" = "the rain’s stopping."

What does the -si in "dinmesi" do?

It’s the 3rd person possessive suffix that matches the genitive subject ("yağmurun"). Without it, the nominalized clause would be ungrammatical.

What is the function of -yle/-ile here? Does it really mean "with"?

Here -yle/-ile forms an adverbial meaning "upon/when/as soon as." It doesn’t mean "together with" in this context. So "dinmesiyle" ≈ "upon it stopping."

Can I write "dinmesi ile" separately? And why is there a buffer y in "dinmesiyle"?

Yes, both "dinmesiyle" and "dinmesi ile" are acceptable; attaching it is common when it behaves like a suffix. Because "dinmesi" ends in a vowel, a buffer y is used: -yle.

How does "Yağmurun dinmesiyle" compare to "Yağmur dinince", "Yağmur dindiğinde", and "Yağmur dindikten sonra"?

Yağmurun dinmesiyle: slightly formal; often implies near-immediate result ("as soon as").
Yağmur dinince: neutral "when"; very common in speech.
Yağmur dindiğinde: also "when"; somewhat formal.
Yağmur dindikten sonra: "after it stopped"; sequence without immediacy.

Is "yağmur durunca" okay, or should it be "yağmur dindi"?

The idiomatic verb for rain stopping is dinmek. You will hear yağmur durdu/durunca, but dinmek (or kesilmek) sounds more natural: "Yağmur dindi(ğinde)" / "Yağmur kesildi(ğinde)."

What does "kalabalık" mean here? Noun or adjective?

Here kalabalık is a noun meaning "the crowd." It can also be an adjective ("crowded"), but in this sentence it’s a collective singular noun.

Why is the verb singular "aktı" and not "aktılar"?

Agreement follows the grammatical subject, which is the singular noun kalabalık. If you said kalabalıklar ("crowds"), then you could use a plural verb: "Kalabalıklar dışarı aktılar."

Why use "akmak" (to flow) for people? Is that idiomatic?

Yes. Akmak is commonly used metaphorically for crowds moving en masse, adding vividness compared to plain çıkmak ("to go out").

Could I say "kalabalık dışarı çıktı" or "sokağa döküldü" instead? Any nuance?

dışarı çıktı: neutral "went out."
dışarı aktı: suggests a flowing, continuous movement.
sokağa döküldü: very idiomatic for crowds "poured into the streets," common in news.

Why "dışarı" and not "dışarıya"? Which is correct with motion?

Both are acceptable with motion verbs. dışarı (no -a) is very common and colloquial; dışarıya is more explicit about direction. For location or source, you must mark case: dışarıda (outside), dışarıdan (from outside).

Can you map the "dışarı" forms?

to outside: dışarı / dışarıya
at/outside: dışarıda
from outside: dışarıdan
the outside (noun): dışarısı

Is a comma needed after "Yağmurun dinmesiyle"?

Not required. You can add a comma after a long initial adverbial for readability, but most would omit it here.

What is the full morphology of the sentence?

yağmur-un din-me-si-yle kalabalık dışarı ak-tı GEN VN 3SG.POSS-ILE subject dir.adv PAST-3SG

Any pronunciation tips for tricky letters here?

ğ in yağmurun lengthens the preceding vowel; it’s not a hard g: roughly "yaa-moo-roon."
ı (dotless i) in dışarı, kalabalık, aktı is a back unrounded vowel; don’t say it like English "i."
Past -DI devoices after a voiceless consonant, so ak-
- -dı → aktı.

Can I replace "dinmesiyle" with "dinmesiyle birlikte"?

Yes. Yağmurun dinmesiyle birlikte also means "once the rain stopped," with a slight extra emphasis on simultaneity.

Is "yağmurun kesilmesiyle" also acceptable? Any nuance vs "dinmesiyle"?

Yes. kesilmek suggests a more abrupt stop ("was cut off"), while dinmek is the default verb for precipitation easing or stopping.

Could I say "Yağmur diner dinmez kalabalık dışarı aktı"?

Absolutely. -er -mez means "as soon as": "As soon as the rain stops/stopped, the crowd poured out." It strongly marks immediacy, like "dinmesiyle."

Why isn’t there any article like "the" before "kalabalık"?

Turkish has no articles. Bare nouns can be definite, indefinite, or generic from context. Here kalabalık is understood as the specific crowd in the situation.

Can I drop the genitive and say "yağmur dinmesiyle"?

No. In this nominalized structure, the subject must be genitive and the verbal noun must carry possessive: yağmur-un din-me-si. Dropping the genitive is ungrammatical here.