Learn Hardcore Turkish: Doğu penceresi sabah aydınlık, batı penceresi akşamüstü ışık alıyor. - The east window is bright in the morning; the west window gets light in the late afternoon.

It’s the 3rd‑person possessive suffix -(s)i on the head noun of a compound, forming an “X + Y + -(s)i” pattern that means “the Y associated with X.” So Doğu penceresi is “the east window” (literally “east window-its”), i.e., the window on the east side. It’s not “his/her window” here; it’s a standard noun–noun compound pattern in Turkish (indefinite possessive compound). Examples: mutfak kapısı (kitchen door), ev numarası (house number).

Why not say Doğu’nun penceresi?

The genitive X’in Y’si (e.g., evin penceresi) is used when X is a specific possessor. With labels like directions, materials, or types, Turkish normally uses the bare compound without the genitive: doğu penceresi, kuzey cephesi, cam kapı. Doğu’nun penceresi would sound like “the East’s window” (a specific possessor), which is odd here.

Does Doğu penceresi mean “east-facing window” or “window on the east side”?

In everyday talk it can cover both ideas (the window on the east wall, usually facing east). If you need to be explicit:

Orientation: doğuya bakan pencere (the window that faces east)
Location on the wall: doğu duvarındaki pencere (the window on the east wall)

Why is Doğu capitalized but batı isn’t?

Cardinal directions are normally lowercase in Turkish. Doğu is capitalized here only because it’s the first word of the sentence; batı appears in lowercase mid‑sentence. They’re capitalized when part of proper names (e.g., Doğu Anadolu).

Where is the verb “is” in sabah aydınlık?

Turkish often has a zero copula in the simple present for third‑person subjects, so (o) aydınlık means “(it) is bright.” You could add:

sabah aydınlıktır (more formal/definitional)
sabahları aydınlık olur (habitual, “is [gets] bright in the mornings”)

Can I say sabahları aydınlık instead of sabah aydınlık? What’s the difference?

sabah aydınlık: “bright in the morning,” can be used generically or for a given day depending on context.
sabahları aydınlık: explicitly habitual (“bright on mornings,” i.e., most mornings).
Both are fine; -ları makes the “on Xs (generally)” sense clear.

Why is there no -da/-de (locative) on sabah or akşamüstü?

Time words often function adverbially without case: sabah, öğleden sonra, akşamüstü. You can add locative for style/emphasis, especially with -leyin/-leyin forms or set phrases:

sabahleyin, akşamüstünde (note the buffer n: üstünde)

Is akşamüstü one word? Any alternatives?

Yes, it’s one word: akşamüstü (“late afternoon/early evening”). Common alternatives: akşamüzeri (very close in meaning) and, for late afternoon specifically, ikindi (more traditional/regionally used). All can be used adverbially.

Why ışık alıyor and not ışık alır?

Both work.

ışık alır (aorist) states a general property/habit: “it (typically) gets light.”
ışık alıyor (progressive) can also describe a regular pattern in the present frame or a current fact; it’s very natural in descriptive statements like this.
Nuance is slight; many speakers would prefer the aorist for a timeless description.

Could I say güneş alıyor instead of ışık alıyor?

Yes, with a nuance difference:

ışık almak: to receive light (any light, often ambient daylight).
güneş almak: to receive direct sunlight.
So if you mean “gets direct sun in late afternoon,” güneş alıyor is spot‑on.

Why is ışık not marked with the accusative (ışığı)?

In Turkish, indefinite direct objects are unmarked. ışık alıyor = “receives (some) light.”
Accusative ışığı would be used if you mean a specific/light already known or definite (“receives the light”). Note the sound change: ışık → ışığı (k → ğ before a vowel).

Is the word order akşamüstü ışık alıyor fixed?

No. Turkish prefers time–manner–place–object–verb, but you can move the time adverbial for emphasis:

Batı penceresi akşamüstü ışık alıyor (neutral)
Akşamüstü batı penceresi ışık alıyor (emphasizes the time)
Keep the finite verb at the end for standard style.

Is the comma between the two clauses okay without ve?

Yes. Turkish often links short, parallel clauses with just a comma. You could also add ve: … aydınlık ve batı penceresi … alıyor—both are correct.

What’s the difference between aydınlık, parlak, and aydın?

aydınlık: well‑lit/bright as a state (good for rooms/spaces). Oda aydınlık.
parlak: bright/shiny, often about surfaces or intensity. Parlak bir lamba.
aydın: “enlightened/intellectual” (noun/adjective for people); not used for a room’s light level in modern usage.
For rooms/windows, aydınlık is the natural choice.

Could I say Doğu penceresi sabah ışık alıyor instead of sabah aydınlık?

Yes. It shifts focus from the room’s state (aydınlık “is bright”) to the action (ışık alıyor “receives light”). Both are idiomatic; use güneş if you mean direct sun: sabah güneş alıyor.

What is the -s- doing in penceresi?

It’s a buffer consonant. When the 3rd‑person possessive -(i) attaches to a vowel‑final stem, Turkish inserts -s-: pencere + (i) → penceresi. Same with hava + (s)ı → havası.