Learn Hardcore Turkish: Genç kadın kibarca teşekkür etti, yeni küpelerini gösterdi. - The young woman thanked politely and showed her new earrings.

Turkish often links two clauses that share the same subject with just a comma (asyndetic coordination). It reads as “did X, (and then) did Y.” You could also use an explicit connector or a converb:

Genç kadın kibarca teşekkür etti ve yeni küpelerini gösterdi.
Genç kadın kibarca teşekkür edip yeni küpelerini gösterdi.
Genç kadın kibarca teşekkür ederek yeni küpelerini gösterdi. All are natural; the comma version is concise and fairly neutral.

What’s going on in teşekkür etti? Why is it two words?

It’s a light-verb construction: the noun teşekkür (thanks) + the verb etmek (to do) = “to thank.” You conjugate et-, not the noun:

Dictionary: teşekkür etmek (to thank)
Simple past 3sg: teşekkür etti (he/she thanked) Spelling note: et + -di → etti because the past ending (-DI) devoices after a voiceless consonant (t → tt + i). Compare: fark etti (he/she noticed), sabır etti is actually usually sabretti (root alternation).

What tense/aspect are etti and gösterdi? How would other tenses look?

They’re in the simple past (-DI). Other common options:

Present simple (habitual): teşekkür eder, gösterir
Present continuous: teşekkür ediyor, gösteriyor
Past continuous: teşekkür ediyordu, gösteriyordu
Reported past (-miş): teşekkür etmiş, göstermiş (hearsay/inferred)

How is kibarca formed, and could I just say kibar?

kibar (polite) + the adverbial suffix -ca/-çe → kibarca (politely). This suffix turns adjectives/nouns into manner adverbs. You’ll also hear periphrastic forms like kibar bir şekilde (in a polite way). Using the bare adjective adverbially (kibar teşekkür etti) is less standard; kibarca is the tidy choice.

Why is küpelerini in the accusative? When would it be without -i?

Because it’s a definite, specific direct object (“the/her/etc. earrings”). In Turkish, definite direct objects take the accusative -(y)I, while indefinite ones remain unmarked:

Definite: yeni küpelerini gösterdi (showed the/her/etc. new earrings)
Indefinite: yeni küpeler gösterdi (showed some new earrings)

Whose earrings are they? How does küpelerini encode possession?

The form küpelerini is ambiguous out of context. It can be analyzed in two common ways:

3sg possessor (his/her/their) + plural possessed + accusative:
- küpe + ler + i (3sg poss) + n (buffer) + i (Acc) → küpelerini
2sg possessor (your, sg) + plural possessed + accusative:
- küpe + ler + in (2sg poss) + i (Acc) → küpelerini It can also be 3pl possessor (“their”): the 3pl possessive suffix (-leri) looks the same on many nouns, so küpelerini may also be “their earrings” (Acc). Context typically resolves this.

Do I need to add onun to say “her new earrings”? What if the earrings belong to the subject herself?

You don’t have to add onun; the possessive on küpelerini already expresses possession. Use:

Plain: yeni küpelerini (often understood as “her” if context says so)
To emphasize that they are her own: kendi yeni küpelerini
To make a different possessor explicit: onun yeni küpelerini (someone else’s, not the subject’s) If there’s any risk of ambiguity, add kendi (reflexive) or the appropriate pronoun/genitive.

Where is the “she” in the verbs? I don’t see a pronoun.

Turkish is pro‑drop. Person/number is carried by the verb ending, and the explicit subject Genç kadın makes it clear. You normally omit o (he/she/it) unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Can I move words around? For example, can kibarca go elsewhere?

Turkish word order is flexible, but the default is SOV and elements right before the verb are in focus. Moving kibarca can change what it seems to modify:

Genç kadın kibarca teşekkür etti, yeni küpelerini gösterdi. (politeness modifies thanking)
Genç kadın yeni küpelerini kibarca gösterdi. (now it sounds like she “showed [them] politely,” and the link to thanking disappears) To keep “politely” tied to the thanking while tightly connecting the actions, use a converb: kibarca teşekkür edip yeni küpelerini gösterdi.

How do I mention the person being thanked or the person something is shown to?

Thank someone: dative case with -e/-a → X’e teşekkür etti (thanked X)
- e.g., Bana kibarca teşekkür etti. (She thanked me politely.)
Show something to someone: direct object in accusative (if definite) + dative recipient
- (Bana) yeni küpelerini gösterdi. (She showed me her new earrings.) You can omit the recipient if it’s clear or irrelevant.

Why is it gösterdi (with -di) but etti (with -ti)?

The simple past ending is underlyingly -DI, but it harmonizes and also devoices after voiceless consonants:

göster-di (stem ends in voiced r → keep d)
et-di → et-ti → etti (stem ends in voiceless t → d becomes t, producing “tt”)

What about articles? How do we know if Genç kadın means “a” or “the” young woman?

Turkish has no articles. Genç kadın can be “a” or “the,” determined by context. If you want to mark indefiniteness explicitly, use bir: Bir genç kadın …. In many narratives, starting a sentence with Genç kadın reads as “the young woman” (already known in context).

Could I replace the comma with de or just stick in multiple commas?

Colloquially you might hear … teşekkür etti de yeni küpelerini gösterdi, where de works like “and (also/then).” That’s fine in speech. In writing, either keep the simple comma, use ve, or use a converb (-ip/-erek) for a smoother link.

Is there any nuance difference between kibarca, nazikçe, and kibar bir şekilde?

All mean “politely,” with small style differences:

kibarca: compact, neutral.
nazikçe: close synonym (nazik = polite/refined); slightly more “refined” in feel.
kibar bir şekilde: periphrastic; a bit more formal/emphatic than kibarca. All are acceptable in this sentence.