Doğrama tahtasını çıkar, spatulayı da ocağın yanına koy.

It’s both a compound marker and the accusative.

• doğrama tahta-sı: a noun–noun compound meaning “cutting board.” The head noun tahta takes the 3rd-person possessive-like marker -sı as a compound marker.
• Then we add the definite direct-object (accusative) ending -(n)ı: since the word already ends in a vowel (…-sı), we insert the buffer n → tahta-sı-nı. So doğrama tahtasını = “the cutting board” (as a specific, definite object).

Use the accusative for specific/definite direct objects.

• Doğrama tahtasını çıkar. Take out the cutting board. (the specific one)
• Bir doğrama tahtası çıkar. Take out a cutting board. (an unspecified one) Leaving the object bare without accusative typically implies non-specific or generic; with commands, using bir helps signal “a/an.”

They’re buffer consonants used to attach vowel-initial suffixes:

• After 3sg possessive (…-sı/-si/-su/-sü), case endings take a buffer n: tahta-sı-nı.
• After a vowel-final noun with no possessive, accusative uses buffer y: spatula-yı.

The accusative is -(y)ı, -(y)i, -(y)u, or -(y)ü depending on the last vowel of the stem/compound:

• spatula ends in back unrounded a → -yı → spatulayı.
• tahtası ends in back unrounded ı → -nı → tahtasını. Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) would trigger -i/-ü accordingly.

The clitic da/de means “also/too.” It’s written separately and attaches to the element being contrasted or added.

• Spatulayı da highlights that the spatula is an additional item (in addition to the cutting board).
• It follows the focused word: you can move da to shift the focus (see below).

Yes, you could say …çıkar ve spatulayı ocağın yanına koy.

• ve = “and,” neutral coordination.
• da/de = “also/as well,” implying addition to something already mentioned or done, and it places focus on the word it follows.

It’s a genitive–possessive compound plus the dative:

• ocak (stove) + genitive -ın → ocağ-ın (k → ğ softening before a vowel)
• yan (side) + 3sg possessive -ı → yan-ı (“its side” = “the side of”)
• Dative -(y)a, but after a 3sg possessive you use buffer n: yan-ı-na Altogether: ocağ-ın yan-ı-na = “to the side of the stove” → “next to the stove.”

Because koymak (to put) implies motion toward a location, so you need the dative “to.”

• ocağın yanına koy = put it next to the stove (onto/into that spot).
• ocağın yanında = next to the stove (static location), e.g., “It is next to the stove.”

Consonant softening: word-final k often becomes ğ before a vowel-initial suffix.

• ocak + ın → ocağın (genitive). The ğ lengthens the preceding vowel; it’s not pronounced like a hard g.

Yes, bare stems çıkar and koy are 2nd-person singular imperatives (informal).

• Plural/polite: çıkarın, koyun.
• More polite request: Doğrama tahtasını çıkarır mısın? Spatulayı da ocağın yanına koyar mısın? (Would you…?)

Yes. Turkish is flexible with word order for focus:

• Spatulayı da ocağın yanına koy. Focus on “the spatula too.”
• Spatulayı ocağın yanına da koy. Focus on the destination: “also to next to the stove” (implies there’s another place you’re putting it as well).
• Ocağın yanına spatulayı da koy. Focus on the destination first. Default is object(s) before the verb; the verb usually comes last.

No. The clitic da/de meaning “also/too” is:

• Written separately.
• Does not change to ta/te. The locative case -da/-de/-ta/-te is a suffix attached to a noun and undergoes devoicing (d→t) after voiceless consonants.

Both are widely used. Çıkar- is historically shorter; çıkart- is a variant. In most everyday contexts they’re interchangeable:

• çıkar / çıkart = take out, remove. Some style guides prefer çıkar-, but you’ll hear both.

Add -ma/-me to the verb stem:

• Çıkarma! Don’t take it out!
• Koyma! Don’t put it! You can still keep the objects: Doğrama tahtasını çıkarma, spatulayı da ocağın yanına koyma.