Ben bu Pazar kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım.

I will read a book in the library this Sunday.

Breakdown of Ben bu Pazar kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım.

• ben: I
• kitap: the book
• okumak: to read
• bu Pazar: this Sunday
• kütüphanede: in the library

Questions & Answers about Ben bu Pazar kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım.

Why is Ben used at the beginning of the sentence? Is it necessary?

Turkish is a “pro-drop” language, which means subject pronouns like ben (I) can be omitted if the verb ending already shows the person. Here, okuyacağım ends in -acağım, telling you the subject is “I.” You include Ben only when you want extra emphasis or to contrast with someone else (“I, on the other hand, will read…”). Otherwise you can simply say:
Bu Pazar kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım.

What does bu Pazar mean? How do you say “on Sunday” in Turkish?

Bu Pazar literally means this Sunday (“bu” = this, “Pazar” = Sunday). Native speakers often use bu + day to talk about the coming occurrence of that day. If you want a more general “on Sunday,” you can also say Pazar günü (“gün” = day, so “Sunday day” = on Sunday).
Examples:

• Bu Pazar görüşelim. (Let’s meet this Sunday.)
• Pazar günü tatil var. (There’s a holiday on Sunday.)

Why is there no word for “in” before kütüphanede? What does the -de suffix do?

Turkish uses case endings instead of prepositions like “in.” The suffix -de/-da is the locative case, meaning in/at/on. You attach it directly to the noun:
kütüphane (library) + de = kütüphanede (in/at the library).
Because of vowel harmony, you choose -de (front vowel after e) rather than -da.

Why isn’t kitap marked with an accusative ending like kitabı? When do you use the accusative case?

In Turkish, definite direct objects (specific objects) take the accusative suffix -(y)ı/-i/-u/-ü. Indefinite objects (general or “some”) remain unmarked.

• kitap okuyacağım = “I will read (some) books.”
• kitabı okuyacağım = “I will read the book.”
  Since our sentence doesn’t specify which book, kitap stays bare.

How is the future tense form okuyacağım constructed? Why is there a -y- before -acak?

Breakdown of okuyacağım:

1. oku- → verb stem “to read”
2. -y- → buffer consonant (prevents two vowels from clashing: oku + acak would be awkward)
3. -acak → future tense suffix (“will”)
4. -ım → 1st person singular ending (“I”)

Put together:
oku + y + acak + ım = okuyacağım (“I will read”).

What is the typical word order in Turkish, and can I move the time or place phrases around?

The neutral word order is Subject – Time – Place – Object – Verb (S T P O V), as in:
Ben (S) bu Pazar (T) kütüphanede (P) kitap (O) okuyacağım (V).
However, Turkish is relatively flexible. You can front-focus elements for emphasis or style:
Bu Pazar kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım.
Kütüphanede kitap okuyacağım bu Pazar.
All mean the same; the differences are subtle nuances of emphasis.