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Paket eksik geldiğinden şubeye başvurdum.

Paket eksik geldiğinden şubeye başvurdum.
I went to the branch because the package arrived with missing items.
FromLesson 63inHardcore Turkish
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Questions & Answers about Paket eksik geldiğinden şubeye başvurdum.

What is the function of eksik in paket eksik geldiğinden?
Eksik means “incomplete” or “short.” Here it’s used predicatively with the intransitive verb gelmek to describe the manner of arrival. So paket eksik geldi literally means “the package arrived incomplete.”
What exactly is geldiğinden and how is the suffix -ğinden formed?

Geldiğinden is a nominalized verb form plus the ablative case, used to express “because.” Formation steps:
1) gel- (come) + -di (past tense) → geldi
2) geldi + nominalizer -ği → geldiği (“that it came”)
3) geldiği + ablative -nden → geldiğinden (“because it came”)

Why isn’t it eksik paket geldiğinden?
Attributive eksik paket would mean “a missing package” (i.e. the whole package is missing). To say “it arrived incomplete,” you need the verb phrase paket eksik geldi. Adjective placement changes meaning.
What case is şubeye, and why is this case used?
Şubeye is şube (branch) with the dative suffix -ye, meaning “to the branch.” Verbs like başvurmak (to apply/turn to) take the dative to indicate the entity you address or apply to.
What does başvurdum mean, and how is başvurmak typically used?
Başvurdum is the first-person-singular past tense of başvurmak, meaning “I applied to” or “I approached.” It often pairs with dative: you başvurursun (apply) bir kuruma, bir kişiye (to an institution, to a person).
Can I rephrase this using -dığı için or çünkü instead of -ğinden?

Yes. With -dığı için (because):
Paket eksik geldiği için şubeye başvurdum.
With çünkü (because) or bu yüzden (so):
Şubeye başvurdum çünkü paket eksik geldi.
Paket eksik geldi, bu yüzden şubeye başvurdum.

Why is the causal clause placed before the main clause? Can I put şubeye başvurdum first?

When you use the -den causal suffix, Turkish strongly prefers to keep the dependent reason clause before the main clause, since they’re morphologically bound. If you want to start with şubeye başvurdum, swap to a conjunction like çünkü:
Şubeye başvurdum çünkü paket eksik geldi.

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