Learn Hardcore Turkish: Güneş her sabah doğar.

Turkish has no articles, so nouns stand alone. Güneş here is in the nominative (subject) case, which is zero-marked. Only objects or other cases receive suffixes (e.g. accusative -i, genitive -in, etc.).

What does her sabah literally mean, and why is there no suffix?

Her means each, sabah means morning. Together they form each morning or every morning. As a time adverbial, the phrase remains in the unmarked nominative and doesn’t require a case suffix.

Is her sabah the only way to say every morning? What about sabahları?

You can also say sabahları, which is morning + plural + 3rd-person possessive, yielding in the mornings. Her sabah emphasizes each individual morning, while sabahları is a more general temporal adverbial.

What is the grammatical role of her sabah in the sentence?

It functions as an adverbial time expression modifying the verb doğar, indicating when the action occurs.

Why is doğar placed at the end of the sentence?

Turkish is an SOV (Subject–Object–Verb) language; in neutral word order, the finite verb comes last, so doğar sits at the end.

What tense and aspect does the -ar ending in doğar express?

The -ar suffix marks the simple present tense, used for habitual actions or general truths—here, the sun rises every morning.

Could we use doğuyor instead of doğar? Why or why not?

Doğuyor is the present continuous tense, describing an action in progress (e.g. the sun is rising right now). For habitual statements like every morning, Turkish uses the simple present doğar.

How is the simple present tense formed for verbs like doğmak?

You drop the infinitive -mak to get the root (doğ-), then add -ar or -er according to vowel harmony. Third-person singular adds no extra suffix.

Why is doğmak used for the sun rising when it literally means to be born?

Doğmak conveys the idea of coming into existence. So güneş doğar literally reads the sun is born, but idiomatically the sun rises. You’ll also hear güneş çıkar literally the sun comes out in colloquial speech.