Eski ahırda kuru ot balyaları yığın halinde duruyor.

The ending -da is the locative case, which means in / at / on depending on context.

• ahır = barn / stable
• ahırda = in the barn / at the stable

So Eski ahırda means in the old barn.

The form is -da here because of vowel harmony and consonant harmony. In other words, Turkish changes case endings to fit the sounds of the word.

In Turkish, adjectives normally come before the noun they describe, just like in English.

• eski ahır = old barn
• kuru ot = dry grass / hay
• ot balyaları = bales of hay/grass

Even when the noun takes a case ending, the adjective still stays before it:

• eski ahır = old barn
• eski ahırda = in the old barn

The adjective itself does not change form.

Balya means bale.

• ot = grass, herbage, hay-like plant material depending on context
• ot balyası = a bale of hay/grass
• ot balyaları = bales of hay/grass

The ending -lar / -ler is the plural marker. Here it appears as part of balyaları.

So:

• balya = bale
• balyalar = bales
• ot balyaları = hay bales / bales of dry grass

This is a noun phrase where ot describes what kind of bales they are.

Turkish usually places descriptive words before what they describe, and the order often moves from more general description to the main noun.

Here:

• kuru describes ot
• ot helps describe balyaları

So the structure is basically:

• kuru ot = dry grass / dry hay
• kuru ot balyaları = bales of dry grass

Putting kuru after ot would sound wrong in standard Turkish because adjectives normally come before the word they modify.

Yığın halinde means something like in a pile, piled up, or in heaps.

It is a common Turkish expression:

• yığın = pile, heap
• halinde = in the state/form of

So together:

• yığın halinde = in piled form / in a heap / piled up

This phrase describes how the bales are positioned.

Halinde comes from:

• hal = state, condition, form
• -i = a possessive/linking element in this fixed expression
• -nde = locative-type ending

In modern Turkish, learners usually treat X halinde as a set phrase meaning:

• in the form of X
• in a state of X

Examples:

• sıra halinde = in a row
• paket halinde = in packages
• yığın halinde = in a pile

So you do not need to over-analyze it at first; it is very useful to learn as a chunk.

Yes, durmak literally means to stand, to stop, or to stay, but in Turkish it is also often used for things that are sitting/remaining somewhere in a certain position.

Here duruyor suggests that the hay bales are:

• there
• stationary
• positioned that way

So in this sentence, duruyor is more natural than translating it literally as only standing. It can mean:

• are sitting there
• are standing there
• are piled there
• remain there

It gives a sense of visible placement.

Duruyor is the present continuous form, often used in Turkish not only for actions happening right now, but also for current visible situations.

• duruyor = is standing / is sitting / is there
• durur = stands / usually stands / would stand

In a scene description like this, duruyor sounds natural because the speaker is describing what is currently there in front of them or in the imagined scene.

Turkish does not have articles like the or a/an.

English says:

• the old barn
• the dry hay bales

Turkish simply says:

• eski ahırda
• kuru ot balyaları

Whether something should be understood as the, some, or just a general noun phrase depends on context.

Turkish word order is often Subject + Place/Time + other details + Verb, and the verb commonly comes at the end.

Here the structure is roughly:

• Eski ahırda = in the old barn
• kuru ot balyaları = dry hay bales
• yığın halinde = in a pile
• duruyor = are standing / are sitting there

So Turkish builds up the scene first, then gives the verb at the end.

A very literal English-style order would be something like:

• In the old barn, dry hay bales are standing in a pile.

That helps show how Turkish organizes information.

Good question. Ot often means grass, herb, or plant growth, but in some contexts it can refer to dried grass used as feed, so in English it may be translated as hay depending on the situation.

Since the sentence has:

• kuru ot balyaları

and these are in a barn, the natural English meaning is hay bales.

So the exact English word depends on context, even though the Turkish word is ot.

Yes. Turkish often allows different word orders for emphasis, as long as the verb is usually near the end.

For example, these can also work:

• Kuru ot balyaları eski ahırda yığın halinde duruyor.
• Eski ahırda yığın halinde kuru ot balyaları duruyor.

These all mean nearly the same thing, but the emphasis shifts a little.

The original sentence sounds like a neutral visual description of a scene.

Ahır often refers to a place where animals are kept, especially larger farm animals. Depending on context, English might translate it as:

• stable
• barn
• cowshed
• stall building

In this sentence, if hay bales are inside it, barn is a very natural English choice, but stable may also be possible depending on the broader context.