Köprüden geçiş için özel izin gerekiyor.

Köprüden geçiş için özel izin gerekiyor.
A special permit is required for crossing the bridge.
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Questions & Answers about Köprüden geçiş için özel izin gerekiyor.

What does köprüden mean, and why is it used instead of plain köprü or köprüye?
  • köprüden is the ablative case of köprü (“bridge”).
  • The suffix -den indicates movement from or through something. Here köprüden geçiş literally means “passage through the bridge,” i.e. “crossing the bridge.”
  • You can’t use plain köprü because Turkish needs case endings to show relationships. köprüye (dative) would mean “to the bridge,” which isn’t the intended meaning here.
Why is geçiş used here instead of the verb geçmek?
  • geçiş is a verbal noun (noun form of geçmek, “to pass”) meaning “crossing” or “passage.”
  • Since we need a noun before için (“for”), we use geçiş.
  • You could also say köprüden geçmek için özel izin gerekiyor (using the infinitive geçmek), but the original geçiş-version is more concise and formal.
What does için mean, and what does it connect?
  • için is a postposition meaning for or in order to.
  • It attaches to the entire noun phrase köprüden geçiş to indicate purpose: “for crossing the bridge.”
What does özel izin mean?
  • özel = “special”
  • izin = “permission” or “permit”
  • Together özel izin means “special permission” or “special permit.”
What is gerekiyor, and how does it work grammatically?
  • gerekiyor is the 3rd-person singular, present form of the impersonal verb gerekmek, meaning “to be needed” or “to be necessary.”
  • There’s no explicit subject; the thing needed (özel izin) functions as the semantic subject in the nominative.
  • So özel izin gerekiyor = “a special permit is needed.”
Can I use lazım or gerek var instead of gerekiyor? How would that look?

Yes. Examples:

  • Köprüden geçiş için özel izin lazım. (using lazım)
  • Köprüden geçiş için özel izne gerek var. (using gerek var; note izne takes the dative case)
Why doesn’t geçiş have any case ending before için? Should it be geçişi or geçişe?
  • için functions like a postposition that attaches directly to the noun phrase köprüden geçiş.
  • You treat köprüden geçiş as one unit, then add için, so geçiş doesn’t get an extra case suffix here.
  • Adding -i or -e to geçiş would be redundant and would change the structure.
There’s no article like “a” or “the” before özel izin. Why doesn’t Turkish use articles?
  • Turkish has no direct equivalents of “a” or “the.” Nouns stand alone without articles.
  • Definiteness or indefiniteness is inferred from context or indicated by case endings (e.g., the accusative).
  • In özel izin gerekiyor, it can mean either “a special permit is needed” or “the special permit is needed,” depending on context.