Learn Hardcore Turkish: Hafta sonu düğün var, davetiye elime yeni ulaştı. - There is a wedding this weekend; the invitation just arrived in my hands.

In Turkish, var is used to express the existence of something. In this sentence, it means "there is," so Hafta sonu düğün var translates to "There is a wedding on the weekend."

How does the phrase davetiye elime work grammatically in this sentence?

Davetiye means "invitation" and is in the nominative case, while elime ("to my hand") uses the dative case marked by -e with the possessive suffix -m attached to el ("hand"). Together, they indicate that the invitation has reached the speaker.

What role does the word yeni play in the sentence?

Yeni functions as an adverb here, meaning "just now" or "recently." It modifies the verb ulaştı to emphasize that the invitation has only recently arrived.

What tense is used in the verb ulaştı, and how does it affect the meaning?

Ulaştı is the simple past tense form of the verb ulaşmak ("to reach" or "to arrive"). This indicates that the action of the invitation arriving occurred in the past.

Why is there no explicit subject mentioned in the sentence, particularly in the clause davetiye elime yeni ulaştı?

Turkish often omits subjects when they are clear from context. In this case, davetiye (invitation) serves as the subject, so it isn’t necessary to include an additional pronoun. The sentence remains clear and natural without it.

How does the word order in this Turkish sentence differ from that in English?

Turkish typically follows a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. For instance, in davetiye elime yeni ulaştı, the literal order is "invitation to my hand just reached." In contrast, English follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order, as in "the invitation just reached my hand." Recognizing this pattern is key to understanding and constructing Turkish sentences.