Learn Hardcore Turkish: O fabrika uzun yıllar önce inşa edildi, fakat şimdi modern cihazlarla yenilendi. - That factory was built many years ago, but now it has been renewed with modern devices.

O is a pronoun that means "that" in this context. Turkish pronouns don’t indicate gender and are used similarly to English demonstrative pronouns. Here, O refers to the factory mentioned in the sentence.

How is the passive voice formed in phrases like inşa edildi and yenilendi?

Turkish forms the passive voice by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. In inşa edildi (from inşa etmek, “to build”) and yenilendi (from yenilemek, “to renovate/modernize”), the -ildi suffix creates a passive construction. This means the subject (the factory) is acted upon, and the agent that performed the action is not mentioned.

What does the phrase uzun yıllar önce signify, and how does it compare to similar English expressions?

Uzun yıllar önce literally translates to "many/long years ago." It functions as a time adverbial, much like "a long time ago" or "many years ago" in English. Its placement at the beginning of the sentence emphasizes when the action (the building of the factory) took place.

Why is there a comma before fakat, and what is its role?

The comma before fakat serves to separate two independent clauses in the sentence. Fakat means "but" and introduces a contrasting idea—that even though the factory was built many years ago, it has now been renovated with modern equipment. This punctuation is similar to the use of commas before coordinating conjunctions in English.

What role does modern cihazlarla play in the sentence, especially regarding the suffix -larla?

Modern cihazlarla means "with modern equipment." The suffix -larla is the instrumental form of cihaz ("device" or "equipment"), indicating the means or tool used in the renovation. This construction explains that modern devices were used to update the factory.

Why are the original builders and renovators not mentioned specifically in the sentence?

In passive constructions like inşa edildi and yenilendi, Turkish omits the agent—the one who performed the action—because the focus is on the action itself and its result. This is a common stylistic choice in Turkish, similar to English passive voice constructions where the doer of the action is either unknown or irrelevant.

How does the word şimdi function in this sentence?

Şimdi means "now," and it is used to contrast the past state of the factory with its current condition. By placing şimdi before the modern equipment renovation clause, the sentence clearly signals a shift in time from when the factory was originally built to its updated, modern state today.

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