Köpek de evde uyuyor.

The dog is also sleeping at home.

Breakdown of Köpek de evde uyuyor.

• köpek: the dog
• uyumak: to sleep
• evde: at home
• de: also

Questions & Answers about Köpek de evde uyuyor.

What is the function of the particle de in this sentence?

In this context, de means "also" (or "too"). It is used as an enclitic particle attached to the noun köpek (dog) to indicate that, in addition to someone or something already mentioned, the dog is also performing the action described. In Turkish, such particles appear immediately after the word they modify.

Why isn’t there an article like “the” before köpek in the sentence?

Turkish does not use articles the way English does. There is no equivalent of the definite article the or the indefinite article a. Instead, context implies whether the noun is meant in a specific or general sense. So köpek can be understood as “the dog” or “a dog” based on the overall meaning provided.

How is the locative case expressed in evde?

The locative case in Turkish is formed by adding a suffix to a noun to indicate location. Here, the noun ev (meaning “house” or “home”) takes the locative suffix -de (which appears as -da in some cases, depending on vowel harmony) to become evde, translating as “at home” or “in the house.” This suffix shows where the action takes place.

How is the present continuous tense formed in the verb uyuyor?

The present continuous tense for the verb uyumak (“to sleep”) is formed by attaching the suffix -yor to the verb stem, followed by the proper personal ending. In uyuyor, the -yor indicates the ongoing nature of the action (“is sleeping”), and the lack of an explicit personal ending here implies a third-person singular subject. This pattern is common in Turkish, where the marker -yor signals the continuous aspect.

How does the sentence structure in Turkish differ from English, and what should I note about the word order here?

Turkish typically follows a subject–object–verb (SOV) order, which means that verbs come at the end of sentences. In our sentence, although there is no object, the placement of the verb uyuyor at the end is in keeping with this SOV pattern. Additionally, modifiers like de and locative phrases like evde come directly after the words they modify, differing from English, where word order is more fixed and articles or prepositions are used to convey similar meanings.