Şirket bir milyar lira kazandı.

Because the most neutral Turkish word order is usually Subject + Object + Verb.

So here you have:

• Şirket = subject
• bir milyar lira = object / amount earned
• kazandı = verb

That makes Şirket bir milyar lira kazandı a very normal, unmarked Turkish sentence. Turkish can change word order for emphasis, but verb-final order is the default.

Kazandı comes from the verb kazanmak, which means to earn, to gain, or sometimes to win, depending on context.

Breakdown:

• kazan- = verb stem
• -dı = simple past tense
• third person singular = no extra ending is added here

So kazandı means he/she/it earned or earned with a third-person subject such as şirket.

This is because of two regular sound rules in Turkish:

1. Vowel harmony
   The last vowel in kazan- is a, so the past-tense vowel becomes ı. That gives -dı, not -di, -du, or -dü.

2. Consonant harmony / voicing
   The stem ends in n, which is a voiced consonant, so the suffix uses d, not t.

So:

• kazan + dı → kazandı

If the verb stem ended differently, you might see another form of the suffix.

Turkish has no definite article like English the.

A bare noun like şirket can mean the company if the context makes it definite. Turkish often leaves definiteness to context instead of marking it with a separate word.

If you wanted to make it explicitly indefinite, you could use bir:

• bir şirket = a company

So şirket by itself is completely normal.

In Turkish, bir can mean both a/an and one.

In bir milyar, it is clearly the number one, because it is part of an exact quantity:

• bir milyar = one billion

So here bir is functioning as a numeral, not just as an indefinite article.

Because in Turkish, nouns after numbers usually stay singular.

Examples:

• iki kitap = two books
• on yıl = ten years
• bir milyar lira = one billion lira

So even though English often uses a plural noun after numbers, Turkish normally does not.

In Turkish, a direct object often takes the accusative ending only when it is specific/definite.

Here, bir milyar lira is an indefinite amount, so it appears without the accusative ending:

• Şirket bir milyar lira kazandı.

If you were talking about a specific, already-known amount, you could mark it:

• Şirket o bir milyar lirayı kazandı.

So the lack of accusative here is normal and expected.

Because şirket is grammatically singular in Turkish, just like company is singular in English.

So Turkish uses the third person singular verb form:

• Şirket ... kazandı

Even if a company represents many people in real life, grammatically it is treated as one unit.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Common meanings of kazanmak include:

• to earn
• to gain
• to win

So in another sentence, kazandı might mean won. In this sentence, because the object is bir milyar lira, the meaning is naturally earned/gained one billion lira.

Yes. In modern Turkish:

• milyon = million = 1,000,000
• milyar = billion = 1,000,000,000

So bir milyar lira is exactly one billion lira.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Şirket → shir-KET
• bir → beer but shorter
• milyar → mil-YAR
• lira → lee-RA
• kazandı → ka-zan-DI

A few important sounds:

• ş sounds like English sh
• ı has no exact English equivalent; it is a neutral, back vowel said without rounding the lips
• Turkish r is usually lighter than English r

The spelling is quite regular in Turkish, so once you learn the sound values of the letters, pronunciation becomes much easier.