O eşiyle toplantıya geldi.

In this sentence, o can mean he or she. Turkish does not normally distinguish gender in third-person singular pronouns.

So:

• o = he / she / it / that, depending on context

In this sentence, because we are talking about a person coming to a meeting with a spouse, English would usually translate it as he or she.

Context tells you which one is meant.

-yle / -yla is the attached form of ile, which means with.

So these are both possible:

• eş ile
• eşiyle

But the attached form is very common and natural in everyday Turkish.

Here is what is happening:

• eş = spouse
• eşi = his/her spouse
• eşiyle = with his/her spouse

Because eşi ends in a vowel, Turkish adds a buffer y before -le / -la:

• eşi + ile → eşiyle

That -i is the third-person possessive suffix. It means his/her/its.

So:

• eş = spouse
• eşi = his/her spouse

That is why eşiyle means with his/her spouse, not just with a spouse.

This is very common in Turkish. For example:

• arkadaşı = his/her friend
• annesi = his/her mother
• eşi = his/her spouse

Yes. In natural English, the best translation is usually with his/her spouse.

Turkish often uses possessive forms where English may sound more natural with a possessive pronoun. So eşiyle is not just some random the spouse. It specifically refers to the subject's spouse, or someone else's spouse already understood from context.

If the sentence begins with o, the most natural reading is:

• He/She came to the meeting with his/her spouse.

Because the verb gelmek often goes with the dative case when you are expressing motion to a place or event.

So:

• toplantı = meeting
• toplantıya = to the meeting

The dative ending is usually -a / -e. Since toplantı ends in a vowel, Turkish inserts a buffer y:

• toplantı + a → toplantıya

This -a is chosen by vowel harmony.

Because of vowel harmony.

The last vowel in toplantı is ı, which is a back vowel, so the dative ending takes the back-vowel form:

• -a after back vowels
• -e after front vowels

So:

• toplantı → toplantıya
• but ev → eve

Geldi is the simple past tense of gelmek (to come), in the third-person singular.

Breakdown:

• gel- = come
• -di = past tense

So geldi means:

• he came
• she came
• it came

The subject is understood from context or from the pronoun o.

Because Turkish verbs do not mark gender.

In the past tense:

• ben geldim = I came
• sen geldin = you came
• o geldi = he/she/it came

So geldi is just third-person singular, with no masculine/feminine distinction.

Yes, absolutely.

Turkish often drops subject pronouns when the subject is already clear from context. So:

• O eşiyle toplantıya geldi.
• Eşiyle toplantıya geldi.

Both can mean the same thing: He/She came to the meeting with his/her spouse.

Including o may add a little emphasis or clarity, especially if you are contrasting this person with someone else.

Turkish word order is flexible, but the verb usually comes at the end.

This sentence follows a very normal pattern:

• O = subject
• eşiyle = with his/her spouse
• toplantıya = to the meeting
• geldi = came

So the basic structure is:

Subject + other information + verb

You could change the order for emphasis, but geldi usually stays at the end in a neutral sentence.

Eş means spouse, so it is gender-neutral.

It can refer to either:

• husband
• wife

So eşiyle could mean:

• with her husband
• with his wife
• more generally, with his/her spouse

Context tells you which one is intended.

Turkish does not have articles exactly like English the and a.

So nouns often appear without any article word:

• toplantı = meeting / a meeting / the meeting, depending on context
• eş = spouse / a spouse
• eşi = his/her spouse

The exact English wording depends on the situation, not on a separate article in Turkish.

They both mean with.

• ile can be written separately
• -yle / -yla is the clitic/attached form and is very common

So these mean the same thing:

• eşi ile
• eşiyle

In modern Turkish, the attached form often sounds more natural in ordinary speech and writing.