Eşim bugün evde çalışıyor.

Eş means spouse or partner. The ending -im means my.

So:

• eş = spouse
• eşim = my spouse

In Turkish, possession is often shown by adding a suffix to the noun instead of using a separate word like my.

Because Turkish usually expresses possession with a suffix attached to the noun.

Compare:

• eşim = my spouse
• evim = my house
• arkadaşım = my friend

So instead of saying something like my spouse with a separate word, Turkish builds my into the noun itself.

Bugün means today. It tells you when the action happens.

In this sentence:

• Eşim = my spouse
• bugün = today
• evde = at home
• çalışıyor = is working / works

So bugün is simply a time word.

Ev means house or home.
The ending -de means in / at / on, depending on context.

So:

• ev = home, house
• evde = at home / in the house

This is the locative ending, used for location.

Other examples:

• okulda = at school
• işte = at work
• masada = on the table

Because evde means at home, while evden means from home.

• evde çalışıyor = is working at home
• evden çalışıyor = is working from home

In real life, both can be used in some contexts, but the nuance is slightly different:

• evde focuses on the location
• evden emphasizes that home is the base/source of the work, like working remotely from home

Çalışıyor comes from the verb çalışmak, which means to work or to study depending on context.

Here:

• çalış- = verb stem
• -ıyor = present continuous-type ending

So çalışıyor means:

• is working
• sometimes also works, depending on context

In this sentence, it most naturally means is working or is working today at home.

This is because of vowel harmony.

The verb stem is çalış-, and the last vowel in that stem is ı. Turkish chooses the form of the suffix to match the vowel pattern, so you get:

• çalışıyor

Not every verb takes the same version. For example:

• geliyor from gelmek
• oturuyor from oturmak
• görüyor from görmek

These are all versions of the same present continuous suffix.

Because Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when they are unnecessary.

The sentence already has eşim (my spouse), so there is no need to add o (he/she/it).

Turkish commonly omits pronouns if the subject is clear from context or already stated.

So this is completely natural:

• Eşim bugün evde çalışıyor.

You could add o, but it would usually be unnecessary here.

Only partly.

In Turkish, verb endings often show person, but in third person singular the form is often just the bare tense/aspect form with no extra personal ending.

So:

• çalışıyorum = I am working
• çalışıyorsun = you are working
• çalışıyor = he/she/it is working

That is why the subject eşim is useful here: it tells you who is working.

Not completely. Turkish word order is flexible, although the most neutral order often puts the verb at the end.

The given sentence:

• Eşim bugün evde çalışıyor.

This is very natural and neutral.

You may also hear:

• Bugün eşim evde çalışıyor.
• Eşim evde çalışıyor bugün.

These can shift emphasis slightly, but the basic meaning stays the same.
The most standard teaching pattern is still to think of Turkish as often placing the verb last.

Yes, sometimes.

The -yor form is commonly taught as the present continuous (is working), but in real Turkish it can also be used for present-time situations more generally.

So depending on context, Eşim bugün evde çalışıyor can mean:

• My spouse is working at home today
• My spouse works at home today

But with bugün (today), English usually prefers is working.

Turkish does not have articles like English a and the.

So Turkish nouns often appear without anything equivalent to those words.

For example:

• evde = at home / in the house
• eşim = my spouse

Whether English uses the, a, or no article at all depends on the translation, not on a separate Turkish word.

A few letters may stand out:

• ş in eşim and çalışıyor = sh
• ç in çalışıyor = ch
• ı in çalışıyor = a vowel with no exact English equivalent; it is like a relaxed, unrounded vowel
• ü in bugün = like German ü or French u, not like English oo

Very roughly:

• eşim ≈ eh-shim
• bugün ≈ boo-GUUN, but with ü, not normal u
• evde ≈ ev-deh
• çalışıyor ≈ cha-luh-shuh-yor, very roughly

The rough English spellings are only approximations.

No. Eş is gender-neutral.

It can mean:

• spouse
• husband
• wife
• sometimes partner, depending on context

So eşim simply means my spouse / my partner, without specifying gender.

You can change the verb:

• Eşim bugün evde çalışmıyor. = My spouse is not working at home today.
• Eşim bugün evde çalışıyor mu? = Is my spouse working at home today?

So:

• çalışıyor = is working
• çalışmıyor = is not working
• çalışıyor mu? = is working?

This is a useful pattern to notice early.