Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek.

Because patent başvurusu is a Turkish noun compound meaning patent application.

In this kind of compound:

• the first noun stays bare: patent
• the second noun takes the 3rd person possessive suffix: başvuru + su

So:

• başvuru = application
• patent başvurusu = patent application

This suffix does not literally mean that the patent owns the application. It is just the normal way Turkish builds many noun-noun combinations.

The -s- is a buffer consonant, because başvuru ends in a vowel and the suffix also begins with a vowel.

In this kind of noun compound, the first noun usually appears in its plain form.

So:

• patent başvurusu = patent application
• otobüs durağı = bus stop
• üniversite öğrencisi = university student

The first noun works a bit like a modifier in English. Turkish does not normally add a special ending to it here.

Gönderilecek can be broken down like this:

• gönder- = send
• -il- = passive
• -ecek = future

So:

• göndermek = to send
• gönderilmek = to be sent
• gönderilecek = will be sent

That is why the sentence means that the patent application will be sent.

The passive is used because the speaker is focusing on the patent application, not on who will send it.

So the sentence is basically:

• Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek.
• The patent application will be sent tomorrow.

If you wanted an active sentence, you could say something like:

• Biz patent başvurusunu yarın göndereceğiz.
• We will send the patent application tomorrow.

In the passive version, the person or organization doing the sending is left unspecified because it is either obvious, unimportant, or intentionally not mentioned.

Because in this sentence patent başvurusu is the subject, not the direct object.

In the passive sentence:

• Patent başvurusu = the thing that will be sent
• it functions as the grammatical subject

Compare with an active version:

• Birisi patent başvurusunu yarın gönderecek.
• Someone will send the patent application tomorrow.

Here patent başvurusunu is the direct object, so it takes the accusative ending.

So:

• başvurusu = subject form here
• başvurusunu = object form in an active sentence

Turkish usually does not use articles like the or a/an the way English does.

So Patent başvurusu can naturally mean:

• the patent application
• sometimes, depending on context, a patent application

In this sentence, it will usually be understood as the patent application, because it sounds like a specific application already known in the conversation.

If Turkish wants to emphasize a/one, it can use bir:

• Bir patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek.
• A patent application will be sent tomorrow.

That is a very normal Turkish word order.

A common neutral pattern is:

• subject + time expression + verb

So:

• Patent başvurusu = subject
• yarın = tomorrow
• gönderilecek = will be sent

This gives:

• Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek.

You can also change the order for emphasis. For example:

• Yarın patent başvurusu gönderilecek.

This puts a bit more focus on tomorrow. Turkish word order is flexible, but the version you were given is very natural and neutral.

It can do both.

-ecek / -acak often means:

• a future action: will be sent
• an intended action: is going to be sent
• a scheduled/planned action: is to be sent tomorrow

So Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek could mean:

• a prediction about tomorrow
• a decision already made
• part of an office or legal process already scheduled

The exact nuance depends on context.

In the 3rd person singular, Turkish often does not add an extra personal ending in this kind of form.

So:

• gönderileceğim = I will be sent
• gönderileceksin = you will be sent
• gönderilecek = he/she/it will be sent

Since the subject here is patent başvurusu, the verb stays in the 3rd person singular:

• Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecek.

That is completely normal.

Yes. Gönderilecektir is possible, but it sounds more formal, official, or assertive.

Compare:

• gönderilecek = neutral everyday future
• gönderilecektir = more formal, written, official, or emphatic

So in a legal, bureaucratic, or very formal context, you might see:

• Patent başvurusu yarın gönderilecektir.

But in normal speech and ordinary writing, gönderilecek is more natural.

No, not by itself.

Because the verb is passive, the doer is not mentioned. The sentence only tells us what will happen to the patent application.

If you want to include the agent, Turkish can add it, often with tarafından in formal style:

• Patent başvurusu şirket tarafından yarın gönderilecek.
• The patent application will be sent by the company tomorrow.

Without that, the sentence simply leaves the sender unspecified.