Bu palto çok sıcak.

In Turkish, the present-tense to be is often not stated in simple third-person sentences.

So instead of saying something like Bu palto çok sıcak is, Turkish just says:

Bu palto çok sıcak.

The idea of is is understood automatically.

If you want a more formal or emphatic version, Turkish can add -dır / -dir / -dur / -dür:

Bu palto çok sıcaktır.

But in everyday speech, leaving it out is completely normal.

Bu means this.

It comes before the noun, just like in English:

• bu palto = this coat

Turkish demonstratives commonly work like this:

• bu = this
• şu = that / this over there / that one
• o = that

So bu palto is the subject: this coat.

Turkish does not have articles like English a and the.

So:

• palto can mean coat
• bu palto means this coat

The word bu already makes the noun specific, so nothing like the is needed.

Also, bir can mean a or one, but you would not normally say bu bir palto to mean this coat.
Bu bir palto means This is a coat, which is a different sentence structure.

Because çok works like very here, and in Turkish it usually comes before the adjective it modifies.

So:

• sıcak = warm / hot
• çok sıcak = very warm / very hot

This is the normal order:

• çok güzel = very beautiful
• çok büyük = very big
• çok sıcak = very warm / very hot

It can mean hot or warm, depending on context.

With clothing like palto (coat), English would usually translate it as warm, because the idea is that the coat keeps you warm.

So although sıcak often means hot, in this sentence the natural sense is more like:

• warm
• nice and warm
• very warm

Context decides which English word fits best.

Both patterns exist, but they do different jobs.

1. Adjective directly describing a noun

The adjective comes before the noun:

• sıcak palto = a warm coat

2. Adjective used as the predicate of a sentence

The adjective comes after the subject:

• Bu palto sıcak. = This coat is warm.

So in your sentence, sıcak is not just attached to palto inside a noun phrase. It is the main description of the whole sentence.

Turkish word order is more flexible than English, but the basic neutral order here is:

Bu palto çok sıcak.

Other orders can be possible, but they may sound more marked or put emphasis somewhere else. For example:

• Palto çok sıcak.
  Possible if it is already clear which coat you mean.

• Çok sıcak bu palto.
  More emphatic or conversational, something like This coat is really warm with extra focus on very warm.

So yes, word order can change, but the original version is the safest and most neutral for learners.

A rough pronunciation is:

suh-JAHK

But two sounds are especially important:

• ı is not the English i sound
  It is a back, unrounded vowel that English does not really have.
• c in Turkish is pronounced like English j in jam
• ç in çok is pronounced like ch in chair

So:

• çok sounds roughly like chok
• sıcak sounds roughly like suh-jak

Not perfect English approximations, but helpful for a start.

Yes. It is natural Turkish.

When Turkish speakers say a coat is sıcak, they usually mean it is warm, meaning it keeps you warm well.

So the sentence is not saying the coat is physically hot to the touch. It usually means the coat is good for cold weather.

You use değil for negation in this kind of sentence:

Bu palto çok sıcak değil.

That means This coat is not very warm or This coat isn’t very warm.

So the pattern is:

• Bu palto çok sıcak. = affirmative
• Bu palto çok sıcak değil. = negative

You add the question particle mı / mi / mu / mü, depending on vowel harmony.

Here it becomes:

Bu palto çok sıcak mı?

This means Is this coat very warm?

In writing, the question particle is separate:

• sıcak mı

That is an important spelling point in Turkish.

Yes, but it sounds more formal, general, or emphatic.

• Bu palto çok sıcak. = normal everyday speech
• Bu palto çok sıcaktır. = more formal, assertive, or written-style

For most everyday situations, learners should prefer the shorter version without -dır.

Here is a simple breakdown:

• Bu = demonstrative determiner, this
• palto = noun, coat
• çok = adverb/intensifier, very
• sıcak = adjective, warm/hot

Together:

• Bu palto = the subject, this coat
• çok sıcak = the description/predicate, very warm

So the whole sentence is structured as:

Subject + description

which is very common in Turkish.