Har du en ren sked eller en stor skål till salladen?

Because this is a yes/no question.

In Swedish, yes/no questions are usually formed by putting the finite verb first:

• Du har en sked. = You have a spoon.
• Har du en sked? = Do you have a spoon?

So Har du ... ? literally looks like Have you ... ?, but in natural English it is usually translated as Do you have ... ?

Swedish does not need an extra helping verb like English do here.

Har is the present tense of ha, which means to have.

So:

• ha = to have
• har = have / has

In this sentence, Har du ... ? means Do you have ... ?

Because Swedish normally repeats the article for each noun phrase.

Here you have two separate options joined by eller (or):

• en ren sked = a clean spoon
• en stor skål = a large bowl

So Swedish says:

• Har du en ren sked eller en stor skål ... ?

Repeating en sounds natural and standard, just like in English:

• a clean spoon or a large bowl

Because sked and skål are both en-words.

In Swedish, adjectives change form depending on the gender and form of the noun. For an indefinite singular en-word, the basic adjective form is used:

• en ren sked
• en stor skål

If the noun were an ett-word, you would usually add -t:

• ett rent glas = a clean glass
• ett stort bord = a big table

So ren and stor are correct because sked and skål are both common gender nouns.

You mostly learn that together with the noun:

• en sked = a spoon
• en skål = a bowl

There is not always a reliable rule you can guess from, so learners usually memorize nouns together with their article:

• not just sked, but en sked
• not just skål, but en skål

That helps you get articles, adjective endings, and pronouns right later.

Eller means or.

So:

• en ren sked eller en stor skål = a clean spoon or a large bowl

It connects the two alternatives in the question.

Here till means something like for or with, depending on the context.

So till salladen means:

• for the salad
• sometimes more naturally in English, with the salad

In this sentence, it means the spoon or bowl is intended to be used for the salad.

Both till and för can sometimes translate as for, but they are not always interchangeable.

In this sentence, till salladen sounds natural because it means something like:

• intended for the salad
• to go with the salad
• to use for serving/preparing the salad

För salladen could sound more like for the sake of the salad or for the salad itself, which is less natural here.

So till salladen is the idiomatic choice.

Because salladen is the definite form and means the salad.

Swedish often adds the definite ending directly to the noun:

• en sallad = a salad
• salladen = the salad

So:

• till salladen = for the salad

It refers to a specific salad already known in the situation.

It comes from:

• sallad = salad
• salladen = the salad

For many en-words, the definite singular is made by adding -en:

• skål → skålen = the bowl
• sked → skeden = the spoon
• sallad → salladen = the salad

So -en is the definite ending here.

Yes. In this sentence, ren means clean in the ordinary physical sense.

So en ren sked means:

• a spoon that is not dirty
• a washed/clean spoon

That is probably important in context, because you would want a clean spoon for serving or preparing the salad.

Yes, sked is the normal general word for spoon.

Depending on context, English might say:

• spoon
• serving spoon

But Swedish can still simply use sked unless you need to be more specific.

If you wanted to be more exact, Swedish can also use more detailed words, but sked is the basic and very common one.

A rough guide:

• Har du ≈ har duu
• ren ≈ rayn (but with a Swedish r and vowel quality)
• sked ≈ roughly sheyd
• skål ≈ roughly skohl with a long å sound
• salladen ≈ SAH-la-den

A few useful notes:

• In many Swedish words, sk before certain front vowels is pronounced a bit like sh. That is why sked does not sound like English sked.
• å in skål is a distinct Swedish vowel, somewhat like the vowel in British call for many speakers.
• The stress in salladen is on the first syllable: SAL-la-den.

Yes, that is close to the Swedish structure, because Har du ... ? literally matches Have you ... ?

But in normal modern English, the most natural translation is:

• Do you have a clean spoon or a large bowl for the salad?

So the literal version can help you understand the grammar, but the natural English version is usually better as a translation.

After the verb-first question pattern, Swedish keeps a fairly straightforward order:

• Har = verb
• du = subject
• en ren sked eller en stor skål = object
• till salladen = prepositional phrase

So the structure is basically:

Verb + subject + object + extra information

That is a very common Swedish pattern in yes/no questions.

Yes. That would also be grammatically correct.

It just changes the order of the two options:

• en ren sked eller en stor skål
• en stor skål eller en ren sked

The difference is mainly about which option is mentioned first, not basic grammar.

Yes, it is natural and idiomatic.

It sounds like something you could say in a kitchen or at the table when asking for something to use with a salad:

• Har du en ren sked eller en stor skål till salladen?

Depending on context, a speaker might choose slightly different wording, but this sentence is fully normal Swedish.