Tomaterna blev hackade, och morötterna blev också hackade innan middagen.

It is the definite plural ending, so it means the.

• tomater = tomatoes
• tomaterna = the tomatoes
• morötter = carrots
• morötterna = the carrots

In Swedish, definiteness is often added to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

Because morot has an irregular plural:

• morot = carrot
• morötter = carrots
• morötterna = the carrots

The vowel changes from o to ö, and the plural ending is -ter / -tter. Swedish has quite a few nouns that change their vowel in the plural, for example:

• bok → böcker
• fot → fötter

So this is something learners usually just have to memorize noun by noun.

Blev is from bli, and here it is used to form a passive that focuses on the action happening.

• blev hackade = got chopped / were chopped
• var hackade = were chopped, in the sense of were in a chopped state

So:

• Tomaterna blev hackade innan middagen = the chopping happened before dinner
• Tomaterna var hackade innan middagen = the tomatoes were already chopped before dinner

This is a very important difference in Swedish.

Not by itself. Here hackade is a past participle of hacka, used together with blev.

So the passive construction is:

• blev hackade = were/got chopped

The full idea is built from:

• blev = finite verb
• hackade = past participle

This is similar to English were chopped, where were and chopped work together.

Because the participle agrees with the noun.

For hackad:

• hackad = common gender singular
• hackat = neuter singular
• hackade = plural, and also definite forms

Since tomaterna and morötterna are plural, Swedish uses hackade.

Compare:

• En tomat blev hackad = A tomato was chopped
• Ett äpple blev hackat = An apple was chopped
• Tomaterna blev hackade = The tomatoes were chopped

Yes. Swedish also has an s-passive, so you could say:

• Tomaterna hackades, och morötterna hackades också innan middagen.

That is also correct.

Very roughly:

• blev hackade = a bli-passive
• hackades = an s-passive

Both are common. The bli-passive often feels a bit more focused on the event itself, while the s-passive is more compact.

Because Swedish main clauses normally follow the verb-second rule. The finite verb usually comes early in the sentence, often in second position.

So in:

• morötterna blev också hackade

the order is:

1. morötterna = subject
2. blev = finite verb
3. också = adverb
4. hackade = participle

This placement is very normal in Swedish.

If you move också, the emphasis changes:

• Morötterna blev också hackade = the carrots were also chopped
• Också morötterna blev hackade = the carrots too were chopped

Because Swedish often uses the definite form for meals when referring to a specific meal in the situation.

So:

• innan middagen = before the dinner / before dinner

This sounds natural when you mean the actual dinner in that context.

But Swedish also has expressions like:

• äta middag = eat dinner

So after some verbs, the meal word is often indefinite in form, while after a preposition like innan, the definite form is very common.

Yes. Both are natural here.

• innan middagen
• före middagen

Both mean before dinner.

A useful difference is that innan can also introduce a whole clause:

• innan vi åt middag = before we ate dinner

Före is most naturally used before a noun phrase:

• före middagen
• före lektionen

So in this sentence, either word works well.

Not always, but repeating it is the clearest and most neutral option.

Full version:

• Tomaterna blev hackade, och morötterna blev också hackade innan middagen.

You may also hear a shorter version like:

• Tomaterna blev hackade, och morötterna också.

That is understandable, but it is more elliptical. The full version is better for learners because it shows the structure clearly.

Another possibility is to combine the subjects:

• Tomaterna och morötterna blev hackade innan middagen.

Usually no. In Swedish, a comma before och is often omitted in ordinary coordination.

So this is also very natural:

• Tomaterna blev hackade och morötterna blev också hackade innan middagen.

A comma may still appear if the writer wants a slight pause or clearer separation between two longer clauses. So the comma is not wrong, but it is not required.