Hon beställer öl efter keramikkursen.

No. Swedish verbs do not change for person the way English verbs do. You say:

• jag beställer
• hon beställer
• de beställer

The verb form stays beställer in all of those.

It can mean either. Swedish present tense often covers both the English simple present and the English present progressive. The context tells you which is more natural.

So Hon beställer öl could mean:

• She orders beer
• She is ordering beer

Because öl can be used as a mass noun, like beer in English. When Swedish talks about a substance or type of drink in a general way, it often uses no article.

So:

• Hon beställer öl = she orders beer

If you want to stress one beer as a single serving, you can say:

• Hon beställer en öl = she orders a beer

Öl has the vowel ö, which does not exist in standard English. It is pronounced roughly like a long rounded vowel, somewhat similar to the vowel in French peu or German schön, followed by l.

A useful warning: do not pronounce it like English oil.

Because Swedish usually joins nouns together to make compound words. English often writes these as separate words, but Swedish normally does not.

Here:

• keramik = ceramics
• kurs = course, class

Together they become:

• keramikkurs = ceramics course / pottery class

Then the definite ending is added:

• keramikkursen = the ceramics course / the pottery class

You also see a double k because keramik ends in k and kurs begins with k.

It is the definite ending, roughly the same idea as English the.

So:

• en kurs = a course
• kursen = the course
• en keramikkurs = a ceramics course
• keramikkursen = the ceramics course

Swedish often puts definiteness at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

Because kurs is an en-word: en kurs. In Swedish, singular definite en-words usually take -en, while singular definite ett-words usually take -et.

So:

• en kurs → kursen
• not kurset

Since the main noun in the compound is kurs, the whole compound follows that pattern:

• en keramikkurs
• keramikkursen

Efter means after. It is a preposition, and here it introduces a time expression:

• efter keramikkursen = after the ceramics course / after the pottery class

So this part tells you when she orders the beer.

Yes, that is correct. Swedish allows that, but the word order changes because of the verb-second rule.

Compare:

• Hon beställer öl efter keramikkursen.
• Efter keramikkursen beställer hon öl.

When the sentence starts with Efter keramikkursen, the verb beställer still has to stay in second position, so hon moves after the verb.

No. Beställa has a wider meaning than just ordering at a bar or restaurant. It can also mean book or order in other situations.

For example:

• beställa mat = order food
• beställa en taxi = book a taxi
• beställa varor = order goods

In this sentence, because of öl, the meaning is clearly the food-and-drink sense.

To make it negative, add inte:

• Hon beställer inte öl efter keramikkursen.

To make it a yes/no question, put the verb first:

• Beställer hon öl efter keramikkursen?

That verb-first pattern is very common in Swedish yes/no questions.