Bränningen tar lång tid.

Because -en is the definite singular ending for many Swedish en-words.

• en bränning = an/one bränning
• bränningen = the bränning

So the sentence uses the definite form, not the basic dictionary form. Swedish often marks the by adding an ending to the noun instead of using a separate word.

It is a noun. The base form is bränning, and in many contexts it is related to the verb bränna. In Swedish, nouns like this are often formed from verbs and describe a process, event, or result.

The exact English translation depends on context, but grammatically it behaves like an ordinary singular noun here.

Here tar is the present tense of ta, and it means takes.

Swedish very commonly uses ta in time expressions:

• Det tar tid = It takes time
• Det tar lång tid = It takes a long time
• Bränningen tar lång tid = The burning/firing/etc. takes a long time

So this is a very normal Swedish pattern.

Because ta tid is the standard idiom for saying that something requires time.

English learners sometimes expect a structure more like is long or lasts long, but Swedish usually says takes time in this kind of sentence.

A few common patterns are:

• tar tid = takes time
• tar lång tid = takes a long time
• tar kort tid = takes a short time

After ta, Swedish usually uses lång tid without an article when speaking generally about duration.

So:

• Det tar lång tid = the normal, idiomatic way
• Det tar en lång tid = possible in some cases, but less natural here for most learners' everyday Swedish

In other words, after ta, the bare phrase lång tid is very common and sounds more natural.

Because tid is singular and indefinite here.

Swedish adjective agreement works like this:

• en lång tid = singular, common gender
• långa tider = plural
• den långa tiden = definite

In the sentence Bränningen tar lång tid, the noun phrase is understood as singular and indefinite, so lång is the correct form.

Tar is present tense.

The verb forms are:

• infinitive: ta
• present: tar
• past: tog
• supine: tagit

So the sentence is in the present tense: Bränningen tar lång tid.

It is best thought of as a time expression or duration phrase telling you how much time something takes.

In practical learning terms, it is enough to recognize the pattern:

• [something] + tar + [time expression]

Examples:

• Resan tar två timmar = The trip takes two hours
• Det tar tid = It takes time
• Bränningen tar lång tid = The process takes a long time

So even if you do not label it formally, the important thing is to learn the whole structure.

Yes, but in a normal statement Swedish uses subject + verb:

• Bränningen tar lång tid.

If you move another element to the front, Swedish still keeps the finite verb in second position:

• Ibland tar bränningen lång tid. = Sometimes the process takes a long time.

That verb-second pattern is very important in Swedish main clauses.

Yes. Very much so.

The pattern X tar lång tid is extremely common and useful. You can use it with many subjects:

• Maten tar lång tid att laga.
• Det här tar lång tid.
• Renoveringen tar lång tid.

So even if the noun bränningen depends on context, the structure tar lång tid is completely standard Swedish.