Kiburi kinaweza kuharibu urafiki, na chuki inaweza kuleta huzuni.

Because Swahili verbs must agree with the noun class of their subject.

• kiburi belongs to the ki-/vi- noun class, so the verb starts with ki-
• chuki takes class 9 agreement, so the verb starts with i-

So:

• kiburi kinaweza
• chuki inaweza

Both mean can, but the verb form changes to match the subject.

They can be broken down like this:

• ki-na-weza
• i-na-weza

The parts are:

• ki- / i- = subject agreement prefix
• -na- = present tense
• -weza = be able, can

So kinaweza literally means something like it-is-able, with it matching kiburi, and inaweza does the same for chuki.

Ku- is the infinitive marker, like English to in to destroy or to bring.

So:

• kuharibu = to destroy / to ruin
• kuleta = to bring / to cause

After kuweza, Swahili normally uses the infinitive:

• kinaweza kuharibu = can destroy
• inaweza kuleta = can bring

Yes, very much so in this sentence.

The pattern is:

• subject + verb + object, then
• na
  • subject + verb + object

So:

• Kiburi = subject
• kinaweza kuharibu = verb phrase
• urafiki = object

Then:

• na = and
• chuki = subject
• inaweza kuleta = verb phrase
• huzuni = object

That makes this sentence quite friendly for an English speaker.

Here na means and.

So it links the two clauses:

• Kiburi kinaweza kuharibu urafiki
• na
• chuki inaweza kuleta huzuni

Swahili na can also mean with in other contexts, so learners often notice that one small word has more than one use.

Because Swahili does not use articles the way English does.

So:

• urafiki can mean friendship or the friendship, depending on context
• huzuni can mean sadness, sorrow, or the sadness, depending on context

English usually requires an article, but Swahili often does not.

Kiburi usually has a negative sense. It is closer to:

• arrogance
• conceit
• pride in the bad sense

So in this sentence, it is not the positive kind of pride, like healthy self-respect. It is the kind of pride that damages relationships.

It is both literal and natural.

• kuleta literally means to bring
• huzuni means sadness, sorrow, or grief

So kuleta huzuni literally means bring sadness, but in normal English the best sense is often cause sadness or lead to sorrow.

This kind of expression is very common in Swahili.

Yes. You could say:

Kiburi huharibu urafiki, na chuki huleta huzuni.

That version sounds more like a general truth:

• Pride destroys friendship
• Hatred brings sadness

The original sentence with kuweza means can destroy and can bring, so it focuses more on possibility or capability.

A simple guide is:

• kiburi = ki-BU-ri
• kinaweza = ki-na-WE-za
• kuharibu = ku-ha-RI-bu
• urafiki = u-ra-FI-ki
• chuki = CHU-ki
• inaweza = i-na-WE-za
• kuleta = ku-LE-ta
• huzuni = hu-ZU-ni

A useful rule: Swahili usually stresses the second-to-last syllable. That rule works very well here.