Breakdown of Keshia alisema kwamba tusiposahau risiti, tunaweza kurudisha krimu au losheni ambazo hatuzihitaji.
Questions & Answers about Keshia alisema kwamba tusiposahau risiti, tunaweza kurudisha krimu au losheni ambazo hatuzihitaji.
What does kwamba mean here?
Kwamba introduces reported speech or a reported statement. Here it means that:
Keshia alisema kwamba ... = Keshia said that ...
After alisema, Swahili can sometimes also use kuwa, and sometimes English-style that is simply left unexpressed. But kwamba is very common and very clear.
Where is the word we in this sentence?
In Swahili, the subject is usually built into the verb, not given as a separate word.
Here we appears inside several verbs:
- tu- in tusiposahau = we
- tu- in tunaweza = we
- ha-tu- in hatuzihitaji = we do not ...
So Swahili often does not need a separate pronoun like English we.
How is tusiposahau formed, and why is it all one word?
It is a single verb made of several parts:
- tu- = we
- -si- = negative
- -po- = conditional marker used in this negative pattern, giving the sense if
- -sahau = forget
So tusiposahau means if we do not forget.
This is very normal in Swahili: subject, negation, condition, and the verb root can all be packed into one word.
Why does tusiposahau mean if we don’t forget, not just we don’t forget?
Because of the conditional pattern -sipo-.
Compare the ideas:
- tunasahau = we forget / we are forgetting
- hatusahau = we do not forget
- tusiposahau = if we do not forget
So the -po- part is what gives the conditional meaning here.
How is tunaweza kurudisha working grammatically?
Tunaweza means we can / we are able:
- tu- = we
- -na- = present tense
- -weza = be able
After -weza, the next verb normally appears in the infinitive ku- form:
- tunaweza kurudisha = we can return
So Swahili uses something closer to we are able to return.
Why is it kurudisha and not kurudi?
Because kurudisha means to return something / take something back, while kurudi means to return oneself / come back.
- kurudi = come back
- kurudisha = give back, send back, return something
In this sentence, something is being returned: krimu au losheni. So kurudisha is the correct verb.
Why is there no word for English the in risiti?
Swahili does not have articles like English a/an and the.
So risiti can mean:
- a receipt
- the receipt
The exact meaning is understood from context. In this sentence, the context makes the receipt the natural translation.
Why do krimu, losheni, and risiti look like English words?
They are loanwords borrowed into Swahili:
- krimu from cream
- losheni from lotion
- risiti from receipt
Loanwords are very common in Swahili. Many of them are treated as class 9/10 nouns, and often the noun itself does not visibly change between singular and plural. The agreement words around it tell you how it is functioning grammatically.
Why does the sentence use ambazo after krimu au losheni?
Ambazo is a relative word meaning which/that for class 10 nouns.
So:
krimu au losheni ambazo hatuzihitaji
= the creams or lotions that we do not need
Here the speaker is treating krimu / losheni as class 10 plural or generic items.
If the sentence were clearly about one single item, you would expect singular class 9 agreement instead:
- krimu ambayo ...
- losheni ambayo ...
How do I break down hatuzihitaji?
It breaks down like this:
- ha- = negative
- -tu- = we
- -zi- = them for class 10
- -hitaji = need
So hatuzihitaji means we do not need them.
The -zi- refers back to krimu au losheni. If a single class 9 item were meant and an object marker were used, you would expect -i- instead, as in hatuihitaji.
Why are both ambazo and -zi- used? Aren’t they both referring to the same nouns?
Yes, they both agree with the same nouns, but they do different jobs.
- ambazo introduces the relative clause: which/that
- -zi- inside hatuzihitaji is the object marker: them
So:
ambazo hatuzihitaji
literally works like
which we-do-not-need-them
That kind of agreement repetition is normal in Swahili.
Why is the agreement plural even though au means or?
Because the phrase krimu au losheni is being treated here as a set of possible unwanted products, not just one single item. So the speaker uses class 10 plural or generic agreement:
- ambazo
- -zi- in hatuzihitaji
This is especially common with loanword product nouns when speaking generally. If you were talking about one specific cream or one specific lotion, singular agreement would be more likely:
- krimu ambayo hatuihitaji
- losheni ambayo hatuihitaji
Why does the descriptive part come after the noun: krimu au losheni ambazo hatuzihitaji?
Because that is the normal Swahili pattern: the noun comes first, and the relative clause comes after it.
- krimu au losheni = cream or lotion
- ambazo hatuzihitaji = that we do not need
So Swahili naturally says cream or lotion which we do not need. The relative clause follows the noun it describes.
More from this lesson
Sign up free — start using our AI language tutor
Start learning SwahiliMaster Swahili — from Keshia alisema kwamba tusiposahau risiti, tunaweza kurudisha krimu au losheni ambazo hatuzihitaji to fluency
All course content and exercises are completely free — no paywalls, no trial periods.
- ✓ Infinitely deep — unlimited vocabulary and grammar
- ✓ Fast-paced — build complex sentences from the start
- ✓ Unforgettable — efficient spaced repetition system
- ✓ AI tutor to answer your grammar questions