El vino chileno es tinto.

El is the definite article, meaning the.

In Spanish, it is very common to use an article where English might or might not use one. So el vino chileno means the Chilean wine.

Without el, vino chileno could still appear in some contexts, but in a basic standalone sentence, el sounds natural and complete.

Chile is the name of the country.
Chileno is the adjective meaning Chilean.

So:

• Chile = Chile
• chileno = Chilean

Spanish usually uses a nationality adjective after the noun:

• vino chileno = Chilean wine
• literally: wine Chilean

In Spanish, most adjectives normally come after the noun, unlike in English.

So:

• vino chileno = Chilean wine
• coche rojo = red car
• casa grande = big house

Some adjectives can go before the noun, but nationality adjectives like chileno usually come after it.

Because vino is a masculine singular noun, the adjective has to agree with it.

Agreement in Spanish means the adjective changes to match the noun in gender and number.

• el vino chileno = the Chilean wine
• la cerveza chilena = the Chilean beer
• los vinos chilenos = the Chilean wines
• las cervezas chilenas = the Chilean beers

So chileno matches vino.

Es is the he/she/it form of ser, one of the two Spanish verbs meaning to be.

Here, es is used because the subject is el vino chileno.

• el vino chileno es tinto = the Chilean wine is red wine / is red

Spanish uses ser here because the sentence is describing an inherent characteristic or classification.

Spanish has two main verbs for to be: ser and estar.

Here, ser is used because tinto describes what kind of wine it is, not a temporary condition.

• ser = identity, type, classification, characteristic
• estar = state, condition, location

So:

• El vino chileno es tinto. = The Chilean wine is red.
  (It is a red wine / that is its type.)

Using está tinto would not be normal here.

In wine vocabulary, tinto means red wine or red in the sense of wine color.

So vino tinto is red wine.

This is more natural in Spanish than saying vino rojo. While rojo means red, wine is normally described as tinto.

Compare:

• vino tinto = red wine
• vino blanco = white wine

So in this sentence, tinto is the normal wine-related adjective.

Spanish does not need extra words here. The structure is simply:

• Subject + ser + adjective

So:

• El vino chileno es tinto.

Literally, this is something like:

• The Chilean wine is red

Spanish does not need an article before tinto in this kind of sentence.

Yes, but it means something different.

• El vino chileno es tinto.
  = The Chilean wine is red.

• El vino tinto es chileno.
  = The red wine is Chilean.

The adjective position changes what each adjective describes:

• chileno describes the wine’s origin
• tinto describes the wine’s type/color

So word order matters because it changes the meaning.

A simple pronunciation guide is:

el BEE-no chee-LEH-no es TEEN-toh

A few points:

• v in Spanish often sounds closer to a soft b
• ch is like English ch in chat
• e is usually like e in ten, but cleaner and shorter
• i is like ee
• tinto has the stress on the first syllable: TIN-to

More approximately in IPA (Spain-friendly broad pronunciation):

[el ˈbino tʃiˈleno es ˈtinto]

Yes. Vino is a masculine noun in Spanish, so it takes masculine forms:

• el vino
• vino chileno
• vino tinto

That is why both adjectives in the sentence are masculine singular:

• chileno
• tinto

Not in this sentence, because the subject is not a pronoun like he, she, or it. The subject is the full noun phrase el vino chileno.

Spanish often drops subject pronouns:

• Es tinto. = It is red.

But if you want to say exactly the Chilean wine is red, you normally keep the noun:

• El vino chileno es tinto.

If you just say Es tinto, the subject would have to be understood from context.