Mi hermano todavía confunde alguna consonante cuando lee en voz alta.

In modern Spanish, possessive adjectives like mi, tu, su, nuestro usually go directly before the noun, without an article:

• mi hermano
• tu casa
• su libro

So mi hermano is the normal way to say my brother.

Spanish does have longer possessive forms like mío, tuyo, suyo, but those are usually used after the noun or on their own:

• un hermano mío = a brother of mine
• Este libro es mío = This book is mine

Here todavía means still.

So the idea is that the brother still confuses certain consonants when reading aloud.

In many contexts, todavía and aún can both mean still:

• Todavía lee despacio
• Aún lee despacio

They are often interchangeable, though todavía is usually more common in everyday speech.

That position is very natural in Spanish. The structure is:

• Mi hermano todavía confunde...

It highlights that this is something that continues to happen.

Spanish adverbs like todavía are fairly flexible, but not every position sounds equally natural. For example:

• Mi hermano todavía confunde alguna consonante... → very natural
• Todavía mi hermano confunde alguna consonante... → possible, but less neutral
• Mi hermano confunde todavía alguna consonante... → possible, but less common here

So the sentence uses the most natural neutral word order.

Because confundir here is being used transitively: someone confuses something.

Structure:

• confundir algo = to confuse something

In the sentence, the direct object is:

• alguna consonante

So:

• Mi hermano confunde alguna consonante = My brother confuses some consonant / certain consonants

By contrast, confundirse usually means to get confused or to mix oneself up:

• Mi hermano se confunde al leer = My brother gets confused when reading

That is a different idea.
Here the focus is not on his mental state in general, but on the fact that he mixes up particular consonants.

Because alguna consonante suggests some consonant or other, meaning that he sometimes mixes up one consonant at a time.

It has an indefinite, non-specific sense:

• alguna consonante = some consonant / a certain consonant / one consonant or another

If you said algunas consonantes, it would sound more like he confuses several consonants more generally.

So the singular works well if the idea is:

• when he reads aloud, he still occasionally gets a consonant wrong.

Here alguna is an indefinite adjective meaning something like:

• some
• a certain
• one or another

It does not mean the speaker has a specific consonant in mind. It keeps the reference vague.

Compare:

• confunde alguna consonante = he confuses some consonant or other
• confunde una consonante = he confuses a consonant
• confunde ciertas consonantes = he confuses certain consonants

So alguna gives a natural sense of occasional, non-specific mistakes.

Because the personal a is generally used before a specific human direct object, and alguna consonante is not a person.

Compare:

• Veo a mi hermano → person
• Confunde alguna consonante → thing

So no a is needed here.

Because cuando lee expresses a habitual or repeated action: when he reads / whenever he reads.

This sentence is describing a general pattern, not one action happening right now.

• cuando lee en voz alta = whenever he reads aloud

If you said cuando está leyendo, it would sound more like:

• when he is in the middle of reading

That form is more tied to a specific ongoing moment. The simple present lee is the normal choice for habits and general truths.

Because it comes from the verb leer.

Present tense:

• yo leo
• tú lees
• él/ella lee

The stem ends in e, and the ending for él/ella/usted also contributes an e, so you get lee.

This is completely normal for leer.

Lee is pronounced with two vowel sounds in hiatus, not as a single merged vowel.

A simple way to think of it is:

• le-e

In normal speech it flows smoothly, but both vowels are there.

This matters especially in forms of leer:

• leo
• lees
• lee

The written double e is not silent or decorative; it reflects the verb form.

Literally, en voz alta means in a loud voice.

But in Spanish it is the standard expression for aloud or out loud:

• leer en voz alta = to read aloud
• decir algo en voz alta = to say something out loud

It is a fixed, very common phrase. Even though the literal wording is a bit different from English, you should learn it as the normal Spanish equivalent of aloud.

Because en voz alta is the established idiomatic expression in Spanish.

The most natural form is:

• leer en voz alta

Other wordings may sound unnatural or literary to most learners. So this is best learned as a set phrase rather than built word by word.

In Spanish, adjectives usually come after the noun:

• voz alta

So the phrase follows normal Spanish adjective placement.

Also, voz alta is part of the fixed expression en voz alta, so changing the order would not sound natural in ordinary Spanish.

It can feel like either in English, but in this sentence it has a habitual sense, so whenever is often the best way to understand it.

• cuando lee en voz alta = when / whenever he reads aloud

Because the sentence describes a repeated situation, whenever captures the meaning well, even if the Spanish word is still just cuando.

Yes. Spanish often uses the present tense for current habits or repeated behavior.

• Mi hermano todavía confunde...
  means that this is something that still happens now.

So the present tense confunde naturally covers the idea of:

• he still confuses
• he still mixes up

No special tense is needed.

Yes: the sentence follows a very typical Spanish order:

• Mi hermano = subject
• todavía confunde = adverb + verb
• alguna consonante = direct object
• cuando lee en voz alta = time clause

So the structure is clear and natural: Subject + adverb + verb + object + subordinate clause

For a learner, this is a good example of normal Spanish sentence building without any unusual inversion.