Hablamos con un judío ayer.

Because hablamos can be both:

• present tense: we speak / we are speaking
• preterite: we spoke

For -ar verbs, the nosotros form is the same in those two tenses.

The word ayer makes it clear that this sentence is in the past, so here hablamos means we spoke.

Spanish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• Hablamos already tells you it means we speak / we spoke
• So nosotros hablamos is possible, but usually unnecessary

You would add nosotros mainly for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

For example:

• Hablamos con un judío ayer = normal
• Nosotros hablamos con un judío ayer = more emphatic, like we spoke to him

Because con means with, and that is the preposition required here.

• hablar con alguien = to speak with someone
• hablar a alguien can exist, but it means something more like to speak to someone, and it is less common in everyday speech than hablar con

So:

• Hablamos con un judío = We spoke with a Jewish man / a Jew

Also, this is not the personal a rule. The personal a is used with direct objects, but un judío here is the object of the preposition con, so the personal a does not apply.

The accent mark shows the stress: ju-DÍ-o.

Without the accent, Spanish spelling rules would suggest a different pronunciation. The accent also helps show that í-o is pronounced as two separate vowel sounds, not merged into one syllable.

So judío has three syllables:

• ju-dí-o

In standard Peninsular Spanish, it is approximately:

• hoo-DEE-oh

More closely:

• ju: the j is a throaty sound, like the ch in Scottish loch
• dí: stressed syllable
• o: separate final syllable

So the whole word is ju-dí-o, not ju-dyo.

Because in Spanish, words for religions, nationalities, and related adjectives are normally not capitalized.

So Spanish writes:

• judío
• cristiano
• musulmán
• español
• francés

This is different from English, where Jewish and Jew are capitalized.

It can be either, depending on how it is used.

In this sentence, un judío is a noun, so it means:

• a Jew
• or more literally/naturally in some contexts, a Jewish man

As an adjective, it means Jewish:

• una familia judía = a Jewish family
• tradición judía = Jewish tradition

Grammatically, it is completely correct.

But in real-life use, context matters. Referring to someone mainly by religion or identity can sometimes sound a bit blunt if that detail is not relevant. Depending on the situation, speakers might prefer something like:

• una persona judía = a Jewish person
• un hombre judío = a Jewish man

That said, un judío is still normal Spanish and not grammatically strange.

Yes, Spanish word order is flexible. Ayer can go in different places.

All of these are possible:

• Hablamos con un judío ayer
• Ayer hablamos con un judío
• Hablamos ayer con un judío

The version with ayer at the end is perfectly natural. Moving ayer changes the emphasis slightly, but not the basic meaning.

Very often, Ayer hablamos con un judío sounds especially natural because it sets the time first.

Because un is the form used before a masculine singular noun:

• un judío
• un libro
• un amigo

Uno is used when the word stands alone or acts more like a pronoun/number:

• Tengo un libro y tú tienes uno
• Uno de ellos vino ayer

So before judío, you need un.

Approximately:

• a-BLA-mos kon un ju-DÍ-o a-YER

A few pronunciation notes:

• H in hablamos is silent
• b in hablamos is a soft Spanish b/v sound
• j in judío is the strong throaty Spanish j
• ayer is usually pronounced something like a-YER

So the sentence sounds roughly like:

• a-BLA-mos kon un ju-DÍ-o a-YER

Yes. Depending on context, English could translate it as:

• We spoke with a Jew yesterday
• We spoke with a Jewish man yesterday
• We talked to a Jewish man yesterday

Spanish hablar con is broad and can correspond to speak with, speak to, or talk to, depending on the situation.