La vía ósea permite detectar la hipoacusia.

Literally, vía means route, way, pathway, and ósea means bony / relating to bone.

In this medical context, la vía ósea refers to bone conduction or the bone-conduction pathway — in other words, sound being transmitted through the bones rather than through the normal air-conduction route.

So this is specialized medical vocabulary, not an everyday use of vía.

Yes. Vía is a feminine noun, so it takes la:

• la vía
• una vía
• la vía ósea

This can confuse learners because some feminine nouns that begin with a stressed a- sound use el in the singular, like el agua. But vía does not follow that pattern, so it stays la vía.

Because ósea is an adjective describing vía, and adjectives must agree with the noun in gender and number.

Here:

• vía = feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular: ósea

Compare:

• tejido óseo = bone tissue
• estructura ósea = bony structure
• vía ósea = bone pathway / bone conduction route

No — they sound similar, but they are completely different.

• ósea = adjective meaning bony / osseous
• o sea = very common expression meaning that is / in other words / I mean

So in this sentence, it is definitely ósea with an accent mark, because it is the adjective related to hueso (bone).

Permite is the present indicative, third-person singular, from permitir.

It matches the subject la vía ósea:

• la vía ósea permite

This present tense is very common in scientific and medical writing because it states a general fact:

• permite detectar = it allows detection / it makes it possible to detect

Because Spanish often uses permitir + infinitive to mean to allow / enable someone or something to do something.

So:

• permite detectar = allows [us/one] to detect

This structure is very common:

• permite ver
• permite identificar
• permite medir
• permite detectar

Important: you do not say permite de detectar here.

Spanish often leaves that unspecified when it is obvious or unimportant.

So La vía ósea permite detectar la hipoacusia literally means something like:

• Bone conduction allows the detection of hearing loss
• or Bone conduction makes it possible to detect hearing loss

The sentence does not say exactly who detects it — a doctor, a test, an examiner, etc. That kind of impersonal style is very common in technical Spanish.

Because Spanish often uses the definite article with illnesses, conditions, and abstract concepts when talking about them in a general or technical way.

So detectar la hipoacusia is natural Spanish for detect hearing loss.

English often drops the article in these cases, but Spanish frequently keeps it:

• detectar la enfermedad
• tratar la ansiedad
• prevenir la infección
• detectar la hipoacusia

Hipoacusia is a medical term meaning hearing loss or reduced hearing ability.

It is not the most everyday word in casual conversation. In less technical language, people might say things like:

• pérdida de audición
• problemas de audición

But in medical, audiology, or scientific contexts, hipoacusia is perfectly normal and precise.

The h is silent in Spanish.

So hipoacusia is pronounced roughly like:

• ee-po-ah-KOO-sya

A few pronunciation notes for the whole sentence:

• vía = VEE-ah
• ósea = OH-seh-ah
• hipoacusia = ee-po-ah-KOO-sya

Also, in Spain pronunciation:

• v usually sounds very similar to b
• the c in detectar sounds like k

Not usually. La vía ósea is the means or pathway, not the thing actively doing the diagnosis.

So permite detectar is more natural and precise in technical Spanish:

• La vía ósea permite detectar la hipoacusia.

If you said La vía ósea detecta la hipoacusia, it would sound as if the pathway itself is doing the detecting, which is less idiomatic.

A more natural alternative would be:

• La vía ósea sirve para detectar la hipoacusia.
• La hipoacusia se puede detectar por vía ósea.

Yes. It sounds natural, but it is clearly technical / medical rather than conversational.

A Spanish speaker in Spain would understand it as a formal statement from audiology or medicine. In ordinary conversation, someone might choose simpler wording, but in a professional context this sentence is completely normal.