El depósito de agua permite el riego por goteo.

In this sentence, depósito means a tank, reservoir, or storage container, especially for water or fuel. It does not usually mean deposit in the English banking sense.

So el depósito de agua is best understood as the water tank or the water reservoir.

This is a very common use of depósito in Spain.

Spanish very often uses noun + de + noun where English might use an adjective or a compound noun.

So:

• depósito de agua = water tank
• literally, tank of water

This structure is extremely common in Spanish:

• botella de vino = wine bottle
• vaso de agua = glass of water
• sistema de riego = irrigation system

So de agua simply tells you what kind of tank it is or what it contains.

Because the subject is singular: El depósito de agua.

The main verb is permite, which is the third-person singular form of permitir in the present tense:

• yo permito
• tú permites
• él/ella/usted permite

So the structure is:

• El depósito de agua = subject
• permite = verb
• el riego por goteo = object

Since depósito is singular, the verb must also be singular.

In Spanish, it is very common to use the definite article with general concepts and technical processes, especially after verbs like permitir, facilitar, or mejorar.

So:

• permite el riego por goteo sounds natural
• permite riego por goteo sounds incomplete or unnatural in standard Spanish

Here el riego por goteo refers to the irrigation method as a concept: drip irrigation.

Riego means irrigation or watering, especially in agriculture or gardening.

It comes from the verb regar = to water / to irrigate.

In Spain, riego is often the more natural and common word in agricultural or practical contexts:

• sistema de riego = irrigation system
• riego automático = automatic watering
• riego por goteo = drip irrigation

Irrigación exists, but it is often more technical, medical, or less common in everyday agricultural Spanish in Spain.

Here por indicates the method or means: by means of dripping.

So riego por goteo literally means something like:

• irrigation by dripping
• in natural English: drip irrigation

This is a fixed and very common expression in Spanish.

Compare similar patterns:

• pago por transferencia = payment by bank transfer
• envío por correo = sending by mail
• riego por aspersión = sprinkler irrigation

So por here is best understood as by / by means of.

In standard Spanish, especially in Spain, riego por goteo is the normal and established expression.

Riego de goteo might be understood, but it is not the usual term. A native speaker would normally say:

• sistema de riego por goteo
• riego por goteo

So if you want the most natural phrase, use por goteo.

Yes, that is also correct.

There is a small difference in focus:

• permite el riego por goteo = allows drip irrigation as a system or process
• permite regar por goteo = allows you to irrigate/water by dripping

The original sentence sounds slightly more technical or descriptive, which fits well in manuals, product descriptions, or agricultural contexts.

The sentence follows a very normal Spanish order:

• El depósito de agua = subject
• permite = verb
• el riego por goteo = object

This is the most neutral and natural order.

You could change the order for emphasis, but the original is the clearest and most standard. For example:

• El riego por goteo lo permite el depósito de agua

This is grammatical, but much less neutral and not what you would normally say first.

Depósito has the stress on the second syllable from the end:

• de-PÓ-si-to

The written accent marks where the stress goes.

Without the accent mark, Spanish pronunciation rules would make you stress it differently, so the accent is necessary.

In Spain, a rough pronunciation would be:

• deh-PO-si-to

Also note:

• riego is roughly RYEH-go
• goteo is roughly go-TEH-o

Yes. It sounds natural, especially in contexts like:

• gardening
• farming
• product instructions
• irrigation systems
• technical descriptions

It has a slightly informative or technical tone rather than a casual conversational one, but it is completely normal Spanish from Spain.