No puedo dormir cuando el ruido es muy fuerte.

I can’t sleep when the noise is very loud.

Breakdown of No puedo dormir cuando el ruido es muy fuerte.

• ser: to be
• yo: I
• muy: very
• dormir: to sleep
• cuando: when
• poder: to be able
• el ruido: the noise
• fuerte: loud
• no: don’t

Questions & Answers about No puedo dormir cuando el ruido es muy fuerte.

Why does Spanish use No puedo dormir instead of something like No duermo?

No puedo dormir literally means I can’t sleep (lack of ability/possibility). It emphasizes that something prevents you from sleeping.
No duermo means I don’t sleep / I’m not sleeping, which is more like a statement of fact or habit. In this context, no puedo dormir sounds more natural because you’re blaming the noise as the reason.

Why is dormir in the infinitive?

After a conjugated verb like poder (puedo), Spanish often uses an infinitive to express the second action:

• puedo
  • dormir = I can
    • sleep
      So No puedo dormir is the standard structure.

What does cuando mean here, and why is it not cuándo?

cuando (no accent) means when as a conjunction: when/whenever.
cuándo (with accent) is used in questions or indirect questions:

• ¿Cuándo puedes dormir? = When can you sleep?
  Here it’s not a question, so it’s cuando.

Should cuando be followed by the subjunctive (like sea)?

Not here. Cuando takes the indicative (es) when you’re talking about something that is generally true or habitual:

• No puedo dormir cuando el ruido es muy fuerte. = whenever the noise is very loud.
  You’d use the subjunctive (sea) if it refers to an uncertain or future situation:
• No podré dormir cuando el ruido sea muy fuerte. = I won’t be able to sleep when/whenever the noise gets very loud (in the future).

Why does it say el ruido with el? Isn’t it “noise” in general?

Spanish often uses the definite article (el/la/los/las) where English uses no article for general ideas:

• el ruido = noise (as a concept / the noise around)
  You could also say cuando hay mucho ruido (when there’s a lot of noise), which feels a bit more general and common in everyday speech.

Why is it es muy fuerte and not está muy fuerte?

In many Latin American varieties, ser fuerte is a common way to describe how intense/loud a noise is: El ruido es fuerte.
You may also hear está muy fuerte in some places, especially when emphasizing a temporary/current state (It’s really loud right now). Both can appear, but es muy fuerte is very standard and widely accepted.

Does fuerte here mean “strong” or “loud”?

Both meanings exist, but with sound/noise, fuerte typically means loud or intense:

• ruido fuerte = loud noise
  If you want to be extra explicit, you can also say muy alto (very loud/high-volume), but fuerte is extremely common.

Why is muy used, and could I use tan instead?

muy means very and simply intensifies the adjective: muy fuerte = very loud.
tan usually appears in comparisons or with que:

• tan fuerte como… = as loud as…
• tan fuerte que no puedo dormir = so loud that I can’t sleep
  So you can use tan, but it changes the structure and nuance.

Is the word order flexible? Could I say Cuando el ruido es muy fuerte, no puedo dormir?

Yes. Spanish allows that reordering, and it’s very natural:

• Cuando el ruido es muy fuerte, no puedo dormir.
  Starting with the cuando clause can sound slightly more “set-up first, result second,” but both are correct.

Does this sentence mean I can’t fall asleep, or I can’t stay asleep?

It can mean either, depending on context. No puedo dormir covers both can’t fall asleep and can’t sleep (well/at all).
If you specifically mean “fall asleep,” Spanish often uses:

• No puedo conciliar el sueño cuando el ruido es muy fuerte.

Could a native speaker say this in a more everyday/shorter way?

Yes, common alternatives include:

• No puedo dormir con tanto ruido. = I can’t sleep with so much noise.
• No puedo dormir por el ruido. = I can’t sleep because of the noise.
  Your original sentence is perfectly natural; these are just more compact.

Any pronunciation tips for tricky parts like ruido?

A few common trouble spots:

• ruido is two syllables: RUI-do (the ui forms a diphthong).
• duermo (if you ever use it) has the ue sound, but here you have dormir (simple o).
• fuerte starts with an fw-like sound: FWEHR-teh (approx.).