Мы переизбрали председателя.

Мы means we.

In Russian, subject pronouns are often omitted when the verb ending already makes the subject clear. So Переизбрали председателя can also mean We reelected the chairperson/chairman, depending on context.

Including мы makes the subject explicit. It can sound more natural if you want to emphasize we specifically.

The ending -ли shows past tense plural.

So:

• переизбрал = he reelected
• переизбрала = she reelected
• переизбрало = it reelected
• переизбрали = they reelected / we reelected / you plural reelected

Russian past tense does not mark person, only gender in the singular and number in the plural. The subject мы tells you this means we reelected.

The infinitive is переизбрать, meaning to reelect.

This verb is built from:

• избрать = to elect
• prefix пере- = again, re-

So переизбрать literally means to elect again.

Переизбрали is the perfective past form. It presents the action as a completed event: the reelection happened.

The imperfective partner is переизбирать → переизбирали. That form would be used when talking about process, repetition, or background context, for example:

• Раньше их часто переизбирали. = They used to be reelected often.
• Когда мы пришли, как раз переизбирали председателя. = When we arrived, they were in the middle of reelecting the chairperson.

In your sentence, the completed result is the point, so переизбрали is the natural choice.

Because it is the direct object of the verb, so it is in the accusative case.

The nominative form is:

• председатель = chairperson/chairman

But for a masculine animate noun, the accusative singular looks like the genitive singular:

• nominative: председатель
• accusative: председателя

Since a chairperson is a person, Russian treats the noun as animate, so you get председателя.

In this sentence, the verb переизбрали takes a direct object, so председателя is accusative.

It is true that the form председателя can also be genitive singular, but case in Russian is often identified from syntax, not only from the ending.

Here the structure is:

• мы = subject
• переизбрали = verb
• председателя = direct object

So the function makes it accusative.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Traditionally, English often translated it as chairman, but in many modern contexts chairperson or simply chair may be a better neutral translation.

Grammatically, председатель is a masculine noun in Russian, but it can still be used for a woman in many contexts, though sometimes other wording may be chosen depending on style and situation.

Russian has no articles like the or a/an.

So председателя can mean:

• the chairperson
• a chairperson

The exact meaning depends on context. In a sentence like this, English usually wants the chairperson/chairman, because it often refers to a specific office in a group.

Yes. Russian word order is more flexible than English because case endings show grammatical roles.

Your sentence:

• Мы переизбрали председателя.

Other possible orders include:

• Председателя мы переизбрали.
• Переизбрали мы председателя.

These all keep roughly the same basic meaning, but the emphasis changes:

• Мы переизбрали председателя = neutral
• Председателя мы переизбрали = emphasizes the chairperson
• Переизбрали мы председателя = can emphasize the fact that reelection happened, or sound more contrastive depending on context

Yes, the prefix пере- strongly suggests again or anew.

So переизбрали means the person was elected again, not elected for the first time.

If it were a first election, Russian would normally use избрали:

• Мы избрали председателя. = We elected a/the chairperson.
• Мы переизбрали председателя. = We reelected the chairperson.

A helpful approximate pronunciation is:

my pyer-eez-BRA-li pryet-sye-DA-tye-lya

A few useful notes:

• Мы sounds roughly like my, but with a different Russian vowel.
• Stress in переизбрали is on -бра-.
• Stress in председателя is on -да-.
• Unstressed vowels in Russian are often reduced, so the written form and the spoken form are not always identical.

Yes, sometimes.

For example, if everyone already knows who is being discussed, a speaker might simply say:

• Мы переизбрали.

But this is much more context-dependent than in English. In many situations, Russian will keep the object for clarity, especially if it introduces new information.

The main tricky points are:

• perfective aspect: переизбрали presents a completed result
• past plural ending: -ли
• animate accusative: председателя, not председатель
• no articles in Russian
• prefix meaning: пере- = again, so this is reelected, not just elected

So although the sentence is short, it contains several very common Russian grammar patterns.