Протокол будет готов завтра.

Not necessarily in the English sense of rules of formal behavior.

In Russian, протокол often means an official written record or document, for example:

• meeting minutes
• an official report
• a formal record
• a protocol/document prepared by an authority

So in this sentence, Протокол будет готов завтра, it usually means something like The report / official record / minutes will be ready tomorrow, depending on context.

Будет is the future tense of быть (to be), third person singular: he/she/it will be.

Russian often omits to be in the present tense, so:

• Протокол готов. = The report is ready.

But in the future, Russian normally uses быть:

• Протокол будет готов. = The report will be ready.

So будет is there because the sentence is talking about a future state.

Because готов is the short form adjective, and Russian commonly uses short-form adjectives as part of the predicate after to be.

Compare:

• готовый протокол = a ready/prepared report
  
  • here готовый is the full form, used before a noun
• Протокол готов = The report is ready
  
  • here готов is the short form, used as the predicate

So in this sentence, будет готов means will be ready, and that is exactly the kind of situation where Russian prefers the short form.

Yes. Готов agrees with протокол in gender and number.

Протокол is:

• masculine
• singular

So the short-form adjective is also masculine singular:

• masculine: готов
• feminine: готова
• neuter: готово
• plural: готовы

For example:

• Протокол готов. = The report is ready.
• Папка готова. = The folder is ready.
• Письмо готово. = The letter is ready.
• Документы готовы. = The documents are ready.

Because завтра can function as an adverb meaning tomorrow.

So:

• завтра = tomorrow

It does not need a preposition like on.

Compare with English:

• The report will be ready tomorrow.

Russian works the same way here:

• Протокол будет готов завтра.

Yes. Russian word order is fairly flexible, and the sentence can be rearranged for emphasis.

The neutral version is:

• Протокол будет готов завтра.

Other possible versions:

• Завтра протокол будет готов.
  Emphasis on tomorrow
• Будет готов протокол завтра.
  Grammatically possible, but less neutral and more context-dependent

So the original order is natural and neutral, but Russian does allow variation depending on what the speaker wants to highlight.

Russian has no articles like English a/an/the.

So протокол can mean:

• a report
• the report

Which one is meant depends on context.

In many real situations, Протокол будет готов завтра would naturally be understood as The report will be ready tomorrow, because both speakers already know which report is being discussed.

Yes. Russian usually does not use subject pronouns unless they are needed for emphasis or clarity.

The noun протокол itself is the subject, so nothing like English it is needed.

Structure:

• Протокол = subject
• будет готов = predicate, will be ready
• завтра = time expression, tomorrow

So the sentence is fully complete as it stands.

The main stresses are:

• протокол
• будет
• готов
• завтра

So roughly:

prata-KOL BOO-det ga-TOF ZAF-tra

A few notes:

• Final в in готов is pronounced like f at the end of the word.
• Unstressed o is reduced in pronunciation, so it does not sound like a clear English o.

A careful pronunciation would sound approximately like:

prətɐ-KOL BOO-dʲɪt ga-TOF ZAF-trə

Very simply.

Negative:

• Протокол не будет готов завтра.
  = The report will not be ready tomorrow.

Here не goes before будет.

Question:

• Протокол будет готов завтра?
  = Will the report be ready tomorrow?

In spoken Russian, intonation often shows that it is a question. In writing, the word order can stay the same.

You can also emphasize the question more strongly:

• Будет ли протокол готов завтра?
  = Will the report be ready tomorrow?

This version is a bit more formal or explicit.