На клумбе у дома растут роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия.

Literally, it means On the flowerbed by the house or more naturally In the flowerbed by the house.

• клумба = flowerbed
• на клумбе = on/in the flowerbed
• у дома = by the house / near the house

So the whole sentence sets the scene first: it tells you where the flowers are growing.

Because after на when talking about a location, Russian uses the prepositional case.

• dictionary form: клумба
• after на for location: на клумбе

So:

• на клумбе = in/on the flowerbed
• compare with на столе = on the table
• на улице = in the street / outside

This is a very common pattern:

• на + prepositional for location

Because the preposition у requires the genitive case.

• dictionary form: дом
• genitive singular: дома

So:

• у дома = by the house / near the house

This is a standard rule:

• у + genitive

Also, a learner should notice that дома can mean two different things in Russian:

• у дома = by the house
• дома by itself = at home

In this sentence, it is clearly the genitive form after у.

Because the subject is a list of several things:

• роза
• тюльпан
• ромашка
• белая лилия

Together, they make a plural subject, so the verb must be plural:

• растут = grow / are growing

If there were only one flower, you would use singular:

• Роза растёт. = The rose is growing.

But here there are multiple items, so:

• Роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия растут.

Because each noun refers to one item, but the whole list together is plural.

So the structure is:

• роза = one rose
• тюльпан = one tulip
• ромашка = one daisy/chamomile
• белая лилия = one white lily

Together, those four singular nouns form a compound subject, so the verb is plural.

This sentence most naturally suggests one of each flower.

If you wanted to say that there are several roses, several tulips, etc., you would usually use plurals:

• растут розы, тюльпаны, ромашки и белые лилии

They are in the nominative case, because they are the subject of the sentence.

The flowers are the things doing the action of растут.

So:

• роза — nominative singular
• тюльпан — nominative singular
• ромашка — nominative singular
• белая лилия — nominative singular

In English, we do not usually think much about nominative case, but in Russian it matters a lot because endings change depending on the noun’s role in the sentence.

Because the adjective must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here:

• лилия is feminine
• it is singular
• it is in the nominative case

So the adjective white must also be feminine singular nominative:

• белая

Compare:

• белый тюльпан = white tulip
• белая роза = white rose
• белое ... = white (neuter noun)
• белые лилии = white lilies

So белая лилия is simply adjective agreement.

Because Russian has no articles.

Russian does not have direct equivalents of English a/an and the. Whether something is definite or indefinite is usually understood from:

• context
• word order
• intonation
• the situation

So роза could mean:

• a rose
• the rose

depending on context.

In a neutral sentence like this, English often translates it as:

• A rose, a tulip, a daisy, and a white lily are growing in the flowerbed by the house

  or more naturally:

• There are a rose, a tulip, a daisy, and a white lily growing in the flowerbed by the house

Because Russian word order is more flexible than English, and this order is very natural when you want to start with the place.

The sentence is structured like this:

1. where: На клумбе у дома
2. what is there / what is happening: растут роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия

This is similar to English sentences like:

• In the garden, roses are growing.
• By the house, there is a flowerbed.

You could rearrange the Russian sentence:

• Роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия растут на клумбе у дома.

That is also grammatical, but the emphasis changes. The original sentence first paints the setting.

Растут is very natural here because we are talking about plants and flowers.

• расти = to grow

So растут means:

• grow
• are growing

For flowers in a flowerbed, this is the most natural verb.

You could say:

• На клумбе у дома есть роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия.

That would mean something like:

• There is a rose, a tulip, a daisy, and a white lily in the flowerbed by the house.

But есть focuses more on existence, while растут sounds more natural for living plants.

Most naturally, yes: it sounds like one rose, one tulip, one daisy, and one white lily.

That is because each flower name is singular:

• роза
• тюльпан
• ромашка
• лилия

If the speaker meant several of each kind, Russian would usually use plural forms:

• розы, тюльпаны, ромашки и белые лилии

So for a learner, the safest interpretation is:

• exactly one of each

Because Russian punctuation works like English in a simple list.

Items in a series are separated by commas:

• роза, тюльпан, ромашка и белая лилия

Normally, there is no comma before и in a simple list, just as in standard English:

• rose, tulip, daisy and white lily

So the punctuation here is completely normal.