Твой чемодан мешает мне пройти к двери.

Because чемодан is a masculine noun, and the possessive pronoun must agree with it in gender, number, and case.

• masculine singular: твой
• feminine singular: твоя
• neuter singular: твоё
• plural: твои

So:

• твой чемодан = your suitcase
• твоя сумка = your bag
• твоё место = your seat

Чемодан is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing doing the action.

In this sentence, the suitcase is what is мешает (is blocking / is hindering), so твой чемодан is the subject.

Because the verb мешать normally takes the person affected in the dative case.

So:

• я = I (nominative, subject)
• меня = me (usually accusative/genitive)
• мне = to me / for me (dative)

Russian says, literally, something like:

Your suitcase hinders to me passing to the door.

That is why мне is used.

Other examples with мешать:

• Ты мне мешаешь. = You are bothering / hindering me.
• Шум мешает детям спать. = The noise prevents the children from sleeping.

Мешает comes from мешать, which often means:

• to hinder
• to obstruct
• to get in the way
• to prevent someone from doing something

In this sentence, мешает мне пройти means that the suitcase is physically in the way and is preventing the speaker from getting past.

So the idea is not just I dislike your suitcase, but specifically your suitcase is blocking my movement.

Пройти is the perfective verb here, and it focuses on successfully getting through / passing / making one’s way to the door.

Compare:

• идти = to go, to be going
• проходить / пройти = to pass, to get through, to make one’s way past something

In this sentence, the obstacle matters, so пройти is very natural: the suitcase prevents the speaker from getting through to the door.

If you used идти, it would sound less precise here.

This is an aspect question.

• пройти = perfective
• проходить = imperfective

After мешать, Russian often uses the infinitive that expresses the action being blocked. Here, пройти works well because it refers to a single completed action: successfully getting to the door.

So:

• мешает мне пройти к двери = is preventing me from getting to the door

If you said мешает мне проходить к двери, it would sound more like a repeated or ongoing situation, for example if every day something blocks the path to the door.

Because к means toward / to, and it is used when movement is directed to a point or object.

So:

• к двери = to the door / toward the door

In this sentence, the speaker is trying to move in the direction of the door.

Here двери is singular dative, not plural.

The noun дверь is feminine, and after к you need the dative case:

• nominative: дверь
• dative singular: двери

It looks the same as some other forms, which can be confusing. Russian has many endings that overlap.

So in this sentence:

• к двери = to the door

not to the doors

Yes, but the meaning changes slightly.

• к двери = toward the door / to the door
• до двери = as far as the door / up to the door

In many situations both can work, but к двери is the more straightforward choice for simple movement to the door.

With пройти к двери, the speaker is trying to make their way over to the door. With дойти до двери, the emphasis is more on reaching the door.

Because Russian often uses a verb + person in the dative + infinitive structure.

So:

• мешать кому? = to hinder whom?
• мешать что сделать? = to hinder from doing what?

That gives:

• мешает мне пройти

English often needs words like to, from, or a gerund such as passing, but Russian can express the same idea more directly with the infinitive.

No, Russian word order is fairly flexible because the case endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral, natural version is:

• Твой чемодан мешает мне пройти к двери.

But you could also say:

• Мне мешает пройти к двери твой чемодан.
• К двери мне мешает пройти твой чемодан.

These alternatives may shift the emphasis:

• starting with мне highlights me
• starting with к двери highlights the destination
• ending with твой чемодан can make the suitcase sound more emphasized or contrastive

Still, the original version is the most straightforward for a learner.