У дочки яркий дождевик, который видно издалека.

Russian very often expresses possession with the pattern:

У + genitive + [something]

Literally, У дочки яркий дождевик is closer to At the daughter there is a bright raincoat.

That is the normal, natural way to say The daughter has a bright raincoat.

Using иметь is possible in Russian, but it is much less common in everyday speech for simple possession. So У дочки... sounds much more natural.

Because у requires the genitive case.

The base word is either:

• дочь = daughter
• дочка = daughter, a more everyday or affectionate form

Here the sentence uses дочка, and its genitive singular is дочки.

So:

• дочка → nominative
• дочки → genitive after у

Yes, slightly.

• дочь is the basic word and can sound more neutral or formal.
• дочка is very common in speech and often sounds warmer, more personal, or more affectionate.

So У дочки... feels natural and conversational.

Because яркий agrees with дождевик.

Дождевик is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative here

So the adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative

That gives яркий дождевик.

If the noun were feminine, you would get something like яркая.

Дождевик means raincoat or sometimes a light waterproof coat/jacket worn in the rain.

It is a masculine noun, which is why you see forms like:

• яркий дождевик
• который

It refers to дождевик.

So the second part, который видно издалека, describes the raincoat:

• дождевик = raincoat
• который = which/that

In English, this is the relative clause that can be seen from far away or which is visible from far away.

The case of который is determined by its role inside the relative clause, not by the noun before it.

In который видно издалека, the pronoun is the thing that is seen. With видно, the thing seen is commonly treated like a direct object.

For a masculine inanimate noun, nominative and accusative look the same:

• nominative: который
• accusative: который

So here learners often cannot tell the case just from the form. In practice, you can understand it as the raincoat that can be seen from far away.

A useful comparison:

• куртка, которую видно издалека = a jacket that can be seen from far away

There the feminine form makes the case more obvious.

Видно is a very common impersonal word meaning visible / can be seen.

So:

• который видно издалека = which can be seen from far away

This structure is very idiomatic in Russian.

A different version is also possible:

• дождевик, который виден издалека

That also means a raincoat that is visible from far away.

The version with видно is very natural and common, especially in everyday Russian.

Издалека means from afar, from far away, or from a long way off.

It is a fixed adverb and is normally written as one word.

So:

• видно издалека = can be seen from far away

This is a very common expression in Russian.

Because который introduces a relative clause, and Russian normally sets off that clause with a comma.

So the sentence is divided into:

• У дочки яркий дождевик
• который видно издалека

Russian punctuation is stricter than English here: the comma is required.

Yes, Russian word order is flexible, but the original order sounds natural and neutral.

У дочки яркий дождевик, который видно издалека puts the focus first on the daughter having the raincoat.

Other orders are possible, but they may change emphasis. For example:

• Яркий дождевик у дочки, который видно издалека — less neutral
• Издалека видно яркий дождевик у дочки — emphasizes visibility first

So the given sentence is a normal, smooth way to say it.

Because Russian has no articles.

So дочка can mean:

• a daughter
• the daughter
• my/our/her daughter

depending on context

And дождевик can mean:

• a raincoat
• the raincoat

The exact meaning comes from the situation, not from an article.