У окна стоит новый тренажёр, а рядом — велотренажёр.

У окна means by the window / near the window.

Here, у is a preposition meaning by, near, next to, and it requires the genitive case.

• окно = window
• у окна = by the window

So this is a very natural Russian way to say where something is located.

Because the preposition у takes the genitive case.

The noun changes like this:

• nominative: окно
• genitive: окна

So:

• окно = a window
• у окна = by the window

This is one of the most common patterns in Russian: after certain prepositions, the noun must change case.

Стоит literally means stands, but in Russian it is very commonly used for the position of objects.

So:

• стоит = is standing
• лежит = is lying
• висит = is hanging

With furniture, appliances, machines, and other objects, Russian often prefers these positional verbs where English just uses is.

So У окна стоит новый тренажёр is literally something like:

By the window stands a new exercise machine

but in natural English it is simply:

There is a new exercise machine by the window.

You could say находится, but that sounds more formal or neutral in a different way. Стоит sounds very natural here.

Because новый тренажёр is the subject of the clause.

In У окна стоит новый тренажёр:

• У окна = location
• стоит = verb
• новый тренажёр = the thing that is standing there

So тренажёр stays in the nominative singular, and the adjective agrees with it:

• новый = masculine singular nominative
• тренажёр = masculine singular nominative

Agreement is important in Russian: adjectives match the noun in gender, number, and case.

Тренажёр usually means an exercise machine, training machine, or sometimes a simulator/trainer, depending on context.

In this sentence, it most likely means a piece of exercise equipment.

So:

• тренажёр = exercise machine / workout machine
• велотренажёр = exercise bike / stationary bike

Russian often forms more specific words by combining parts like this:

• вело- = bicycle-related
• тренажёр = training machine

Тренажёр is a general word: exercise machine.

Велотренажёр is a specific kind of тренажёр: an exercise bike or stationary bike.

So the sentence contrasts:

• one new exercise machine
• and nearby, a bike machine

This sounds natural if someone is describing the layout of a room with gym equipment.

Both а and и can often be translated as and, but they are not used in exactly the same way.

• и simply adds information: and
• а often adds something with a slight contrast or comparison: and / while / whereas

In this sentence:

У окна стоит новый тренажёр, а рядом — велотренажёр.

The speaker is presenting one item in one place, and then another item in another place. А works well because it sets the second detail against the first in a mild contrast:

• one thing is by the window
• another is nearby

So а is very natural here.

The dash shows that something has been omitted, usually because it is understood from the first clause.

Full version:

У окна стоит новый тренажёр, а рядом стоит велотренажёр.

In the actual sentence, the second стоит is left out because it would be repetitive:

У окна стоит новый тренажёр, а рядом — велотренажёр.

This kind of omission is very common in Russian, especially in writing. The dash marks the pause where the missing verb is understood.

Sometimes yes, but here рядом more generally means nearby / beside it / next to it depending on context.

By itself, рядом is an adverb meaning nearby. It does not explicitly say next to what, but the context makes it clear: nearby in relation to the first machine or the same area.

If Russian wants to say the object more explicitly, it can use:

• рядом с окном = next to the window
• рядом с ним = next to it / next to him

But here the shorter рядом is enough.

Yes, but it is very natural Russian word order for describing location.

Russian often puts the location first and then the thing located there:

• У окна стоит новый тренажёр.

This structure helps present the scene visually, almost like:

• By the window, there is a new exercise machine.

The second clause does the same kind of thing:

• а рядом — велотренажёр

So the sentence feels like a description of what you see in a room.

Russian does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So новый тренажёр can mean:

• a new exercise machine
• the new exercise machine

Which one is meant depends on context.

In this sentence, English would usually say a new exercise machine unless the context already identifies which one.

The letter ё is important because it shows both the pronunciation and the stress.

• тренажёр is pronounced roughly trena-ZHYOR
• велотренажёр is roughly velo-trena-ZHYOR

The ё is always stressed.

In printed Russian, ё is sometimes written as е, especially in ordinary texts, so you may also see:

• тренажер
• велотренажер

But the correct pronunciation still has ё.

Yes, you could, and it would still mean near the window.

But there is a slight difference in feel:

• у окна = by the window, right near it; very common and natural
• около окна = near the window; also correct, a bit more neutral in some contexts

In everyday description of where objects are, у окна is extremely common and sounds very natural here.